Notes

[New observations into epidemiology may possibly promote screening in Cholangiocarcinoma].
Along with the urbanization and industrialization of countries, the prevalence of chronic diseases has increased. There is ample evidence that ambient pollution can play a major role in these diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between neurological disorders (NDs) and their subtypes with environmental factors. In this country-level study, we used the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rate (per 100,000 populations) of NDs and its subtypes that have been taken from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database in 2019. We used correlation and regression analysis to assess the association between variables. Also, multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the most important variables in NDs distribution. Age-adjusted NDs incidence rate was significantly higher in developed countries compared to developing countries (11345.25 (95% CI 11634.88-11055.62) and 9956.37 (95% CI 10138.66-9774.08)). Association results indicated that the impact of water and sanitation could be more effective than air pollution on NDs. The increase in water and sanitation index levels was positively correlated with NDs incidence rate and prevalence (regression coefficient (b) = 38.011 (SE = 6.50) and b = 118.84 (SE = 20.64), p less then 0.001, respectively) after adjusting socio-economic and demographic factors. Furthermore, the incidence of NDs was negatively correlated with the increase in air quality (b = -16.30 (SE = 7.25), p = 0.008). Water and sanitation and their related factors are plausible factors in the distribution of NDs, which may be linked to the potential role of air and water pollution, such as heavy metals and particle matters. These results can be used by politicians and municipal service planners for future planning.Heavy metals pollution in water is a global environmental issue, which has threatened the human health and environment. Thus, it is important to remove them under practical water environment. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with water-stable properties have attracted wide interest with regard to the capture of hazardous heavy metal ions in water. In this review, the synthesis strategy and postsynthesis modification preparation methods are first summarized for water-stable MOFs (WMOFs), and then the recent advances on the adsorption and photocatalytic reduction of heavy metal ions in water by WMOFs are reviewed. In contrast to the conventional adsorption materials, WMOFs not only have excellent adsorption properties, but also lead to photocatalytic reduction of heavy metal ions. WMOFs have coupling and synergistic effects on the adsorption and photocatalysis of heavy metal ions in water, which make it more effective in treating single pollutants or different pollutants. In addition, by introducing appropriate functional groups into MOFs or synthesizing MOF-based composites, the stability and ability to remove heavy metal ions of MOFs can be effectively enhanced. Although WMOFs and WMOF-based composites have made great progress in removing heavy metal ions from water, they still face many problems and challenges, and their application potential needs to be further improved in future research. Finally, this review aims at promoting the development and practical application of heavy metal ions removal in water by WMOFs.A vertically configured photocatalytic-microbial fuel cell (photo-MFC) is developed by combining a nanodiamond-decorated ZnO (ZnO/ND) photocathode with a bioanode. The system can effectively couple the light energy with bioenergy to enhance the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and boost electricity output. NX-2127 datasheet Results show that the composite system exhibits increased performance for toluene removal (60.65%), higher than those of individual parts (ZnO/ND-photocatalysis 37.16%, MFC 17.81%). Furthermore, its electrochemical performance is dramatically increased. The peak power density of 120 mW/m2 and the current density of 1.07 A/m2 are generated under light illumination, which are about 1.57-fold and 1.37-fold higher than that under dark (76 mW/m2, 0.78 A/m2), respectively. Microbial community analysis demonstrates Proteobacteria and Firmicute are dominant phyla, implying they play important roles on accelerating the extracellular-electron transfer and toluene degradation. In addition, the underlying mechanism for toluene degradation in the photo-MFC system is preliminary explored. Our results suggest that the photo-MFC has great potential for simultaneous treatment of VOCs with energy recovery.The restoration of mechanical properties is desired for creating the self-healing coatings with no corrosion capabilities. The encapsulation of epoxy resins is limited by various factors in urea and melamine formaldehyde microcapsules. An improved method was developed, where epoxy resin was encapsulated by individual wrapping of poly(melamine-formaldehyde) and poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell around emulsified epoxy droplets via oil-in-water emulsion polymerization method. The synthesized materials were characterized analytically. The curing of the epoxy was achieved by adding the [Ni/Co(2-MI)6].2NO3 as a latent hardener and iron acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] as a latent accelerator. Isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed lower curing temperature (Tonset = 116 °C) and lower activation energies (Ea ≈ 69-75 kJ/mol). The addition of microcapsules and complexes did not adversely alter the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the epoxy coatings. The adhesion strength of neat coating decreased from 6310.8 ± 31 to 4720.9 ± 60 kPa and percent healing increased from 50.83 to 67.45% in the presence of acetylacetonate complex at 10 wt% of microcapsules.Pyrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), an anthropogenic organic pollutant prevalent in various ecological units, receives more attention for bioremediation and energy transformation using microalgae. In this study, we have used pyrene pollutant (50-500 ppm) to evaluate the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Chlorella sorokiniana and the impact on metabolites as well as the induction of lipid biosynthesis to produce renewable biodiesel. Pyrene concentration at 230 ppm (IC50) caused half-maximum inhibition for the 96 h incubation. The harvest in the stationary stage (day 16) for C. sorokiniana revealed a biomass generation of 449 ± 7 mg L-1 and 444 ± 8 mg L-1 dcw in the control medium and pyrene IC50 medium, respectively. An insignificant decline in biomass generation (1.2%) was observed due to the stress effect of the pyrene IC50 medium on metabolic biosynthesis. Although contrary to biomass generation, IC50 of pyrene assisted to induce lipid biosynthesis in C. sorokiniana. The improvement in lipid biosynthesis was observed as ~24% higher in pyrene IC50 compared to the control medium. The chemical composition of the microalgae biomass, metabolites, and lipids was examined using FTIR spectra. The extracted lipid was transesterified to produce biodiesel via methanolic-H2SO4 catalysis. The renewable biodiesel obtained was evaluated using FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. The transformation efficiency of the lipid of C. sorokiniana in biodiesel was calculated as ~81%. This research offers the incentive in lipid biosynthesis in microalgae cells using pyrene for the production of renewable and sustainable ecological biofuels along with bioremediation of pyrene.
To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) to Portuguese-Brazil and to eval its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error in intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients.

The study enrolled 113 inpatients at medical/surgical ICU in Curitiba, Brazil. The RCSQ was first translated to Portuguese-Brazil according to the principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes and then applied in 30 inpatients. The final version (RCSQ-PT-Br) was applied to measure content validity (83 inpatients, 47 men [56.6%], 60.4±14.2 years), and test-retest reliability and measurement error (a subset of 53 inpatients). Internal consistency of the RCSQ-PT-Br was estimated using Cronbach's a; test-retest reliability (2 independent rates) was assessed using the single measurement, absolute agreement, two-way random effects model (ICC
).

Group-average RCSQ-PT-Br total score was 46.9±26.7 (range 3.4-98.8). The RCSQ-PT-Br total score showed good content internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.850 95%CI=[0.789-0.897]) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC
=0.840 95% CI=[0.739-0.904]). Measurement error was low (standard error of mean=11mm, mean difference=30mm).

The RCSQ-PT-Br is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the sleep of patients hospitalized in the ICU in Brazil.
The RCSQ-PT-Br is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the sleep of patients hospitalized in the ICU in Brazil.As the importance of organoids increases, the need to develop organoid culture systems suitable for basic biological and clinical applications is being emphasized. However, there is still an unmet need to produce functionally complex and scalable uniform organoids. Here, we demonstrate a scalable organoid production platform with 8 well strips and a total of 8 × 9 microwells per strip using organoids derived from colorectal cancer tissue. The new culture platform is a format in which single cells are self-organized into organoids in culture medium supplemented with 2% Matrigel. It is functionally compatible with existing 96 well plates and Matrigel based conventional organoid culture methods. The consistency, uniformity and reproducibility of organoid produced on the new platform have been significantly improved compared to those of conventional plates. Importantly, Hydro-organoids are functionally identical to conventional Matrigel organoids, but show better consistency in drug screening. Our results show the possibility that Hydro-organoids can be used in high-throughput assays and incorporated into drug screening models to predict clinical outcomes.Activation of modeling-based bone formation (MBF - bone formation without prior activation of bone resorption), has been identified as an important mechanism by which anabolic agents, such as intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH), rapidly elicit new bone formation. Using a novel cryohistology imaging platform, coupled with sequential multicolor fluorochrome injections, we demonstrated that MBF and remodeling-based bone formation (RBF) in the adult rat tibia model have similar contributions to trabecular bone homeostasis. PTH treatment resulted in a 2.4-4.9 fold greater bone formation rate over bone surface (BFR/BS) by RBF and a 4.3-8.5 fold greater BFR/BS by MBF in male, intact female, and ovariectomized female rats. Moreover, regardless of bone formation type, once a formation site is activated by PTH, mineral deposition continues throughout the entire treatment duration. Furthermore, by tracking the sequence of multicolor fluorochrome labels, we discovered that MBF, a highly efficient but often overlooked regenerative mechanism, is activated more rapidly but attenuated faster than RBF in response to PTH. This suggests that MBF and RBF contribute differently to PTH's anabolic effect in rats MBF has a greater contribution to the acute elevation in bone mass at the early stage of treatment while RBF contributes to the sustained treatment effect.
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