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Admission Kind as well as Social Proficiency inside Graduate Speech-Language Pathology Curricula: A nationwide Questionnaire Review.
Understanding fraction magnitudes is important for achievement and in daily life. However, adults' fraction reasoning sometimes appears to reflect whole number bias and other times reflects accurate reasoning. In the current experiments, we examined how contextual factors and individual differences in executive functioning (Experiment 1), knowledge of fraction equivalence (both experiments), and strategy use (Experiment 2) influenced adults' fraction reasoning. Adults were only biased by fraction components when reasoning about fractions as holistic magnitudes was difficult when estimating under a time constraint, when estimating fractions with large components, or when comparing fractions close in decimal distance. However, adults' knowledge of fraction equivalence moderated the effects of whole number components on their fraction estimation performance when modeled at low levels of equivalence knowledge, adults were biased by fraction components when estimating. Adults with more knowledge of fraction equivalence were able to reason about fractions as holistic magnitudes through adaptive strategy choices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are two commonly co-occurring conditions among women veterans. Each contributes to functional impairment that is compounded in those with both diagnoses. This emphasizes the need for integrated evidence-based treatments aimed at reducing symptoms of both. This pilot study examined feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an integrated treatment combining elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain and cognitive processing therapy in a small sample of women veterans with PTSD and FMS.

Participants completed 12 sessions of an integrated treatment for PTSD and FMS, and symptoms of PTSD, FMS, and depression were evaluated using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQR), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Data were analyzed by identification of trends in scores due to small sample size.

Five of 11 eligible veterans completed all 12 sessions of the treatment. The mean pretreatment score on the FIQR was 82.81, and the mean pretreatment PCL-C score was 72.5. At posttreatment, the mean FIQR score decreased to 68.9 and the PCL-C score decreased to 60.8. The average reduction on PHQ-9 scores was 11 points, and all participants reported high satisfaction with treatment.

Preliminary results suggest that integrated treatment of PTSD and FMS symptoms may help to improve chronic pain, PTSD, and depressive symptoms in women veterans with PTSD, in light of several identified limitations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Preliminary results suggest that integrated treatment of PTSD and FMS symptoms may help to improve chronic pain, PTSD, and depressive symptoms in women veterans with PTSD, in light of several identified limitations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).This article reviews the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Specifically, social, psychological, and systemic factors that have adverse implications are discussed. Identifying and addressing these factors have implications for the development of policies and interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objectives Transdiagnostic interventions have been increasingly used in the management of a variety of mental health and substance use conditions, and in the context of chronic stress. We discuss the development and evaluation of the Integrated Intervention for Dual Problems and Early Action (IIDEA), a 10-session manualized intervention that includes cognitive therapy and mindfulness practice designed to improve symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and co-occurring substance use problems. Methods In this secondary analysis of a randomized-controlled trial of IIDEA conducted with an international sample of immigrant Latinx in the United States and Spain, we evaluate intermediate outcomes-mindful awareness, working alliance with clinician and illness self-management-and integrate statistical findings with results from qualitative interviews with participants. Results The IIDEA intervention group showed higher levels of mindful awareness, illness self-management, and working alliance over an enhanced treatment as usual control group (usual treatment plus scheduled assessments) and qualitative data offer insights into the importance of therapeutic alliance and integration of mindfulness practice with cognitive therapy management skills. Conclusions Findings suggest that skills related to the studied intermediary outcomes can be helpful for Latinx immigrants experiencing circumstances of ongoing exposure to adversity and traumatic stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The offspring of parents with Huntington's disease (HD) are faced with substantial levels of chronic uncontrollable and unpredictable stress. These stressors may place them at heightened risk of psychological distress and negative effects on executive functioning. This study investigated working memory, secondary control coping strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, distraction), and symptoms of anxiety/depression in offspring at risk for HD.

Adolescent (ages 10-19) and young adult (ages 20-29) offspring (n = 33; mean [M] age = 19.12 years, standard deviation [SD] = 6.01 years; 61% female) of parents with HD were recruited in a Huntington Disease Society of America Level 1 Center of Excellence. Participants completed self-report measures of coping and neuropsychiatric symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression) and a standardized working memory assessment. Pearson correlations and path analyses were used to test associations.

Participant scores on the working memory assessment were significantly s of anxiety/depression in the offspring of parents with HD. Future longitudinal research is needed to establish the direction of these associations. Working memory and coping skills represent potential targets for intervention to reduce the risk of anxiety/depression in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We could find no published studies measuring the working alliance in outpatient psychotherapy with American Indians. Given that the working alliance has been shown to be one of the most reliable and robust predictors of outcome across psychotherapeutic modalities, we sought to understand the working alliance in this population. Eight psychotherapists in an urban outpatient clinic rated their working alliance with American Indian patients (n = 112) immediately after treatment delivery using the Working Alliance Inventory, 12-item short form (Tracey & Kokotovic, 1989). Working alliance data from 112 sessions were collected and compared with data from the Working Alliance Inventory, 12-item short form, normative sample (Busseri & Tyler, 2003). Therapist-rated working alliance in psychotherapy with American Indian patients was higher than a comparison sample. Alliance was unaffected by patient, therapist, or therapy-related variables in this sample. The working alliance is likely to be an important construct in psychotherapy with American Indian patients. Replication with a larger, representative group of therapists as well as the collection of patient and observer ratings are important next steps. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).A central concern of family psychology and developmental science is assessing the stability or instability (i.e., relative standing) of family-level constructs across time. Almost exclusively, such constructs have heretofore been unitary variables. Using a longitudinal design, for the first time, this study traces the developmental stability of the dyadic construct of mother-child relationship quality from infancy to adolescence. Multiple age-appropriate measures converging on the construct of relationship quality were assessed in 375 mother-child dyads at 4 times 5 months and 4, 10, and 14 years. Mother-child relationship quality showed stability (βs = .18-.53) in all families together, in families with girls and boys, and when family socioeconomic status was controlled. Consistent patterns of relationship quality are developmentally significant in themselves, convert to broader behavioral tendencies in children, and guide more effective intervention designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Three studies examined the influence of a witness's identification speed on the identification decision of another witness.

Based on research documenting cowitness effects we expected cowitness speed to affect identification decisions from target-absent photospreads. Without prior research testing the effects of cowitness speed, we did not have a specific prediction regarding how fast (vs. slow) cowitness identification decisions would affect participant-witnesses' identification rates in Study 1. Based on the results from Study 1, in Study 2 we predicted that fast (vs. slow) cowitness decisions would increase choices from target-absent photospreads when the cowitness was known to have made a positive identification. In Study 3, cowitnesses rejected the photospread. Based on the previous studies, we hypothesized that fast (vs. slow) cowitness decisions would decrease choices from target-absent photospreads. However, because a photospread rejection is qualitatively different from an identification, this prto standardize the duration of identification procedures and inform witnesses of this standardization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Fast cowitness identifications increased choices from the target-absent photospread regardless of whether a cowitness's decision was ambiguous (Study 1), whether they made an identification (Study 2), or rejected the photospread (Study 3). Given the effects of cowitness speed on identification decisions, it might be advisable to standardize the duration of identification procedures and inform witnesses of this standardization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Blindsight is a neuropsychological condition defined by residual visual function following destruction of primary visual cortex. This residual visual function is almost universally held to include capacities for voluntary discrimination in the total absence of awareness. So conceived, blindsight has had an enormous impact on the scientific study of consciousness. It is held to reveal a dramatic disconnect between performance and awareness and used to motivate diverse claims concerning the neural and cognitive basis of consciousness. Here I argue that this orthodox understanding of blindsight is fundamentally mistaken. Drawing on models from signal detection theory in conjunction with a wide range of behavioral and first-person evidence, I contend that blindsight is severely and qualitatively degraded but nonetheless conscious vision, unacknowledged due to conservative response biases. learn more Psychophysical and functional arguments to the contrary are answered. A powerful positive case for the qualitatively degraded conscious vision hypothesis is then presented, detailing a set of distinctive predictions borne out by the data.
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