Notes

Catching tumour heterogeneity within pre- along with post-chemotherapy intestinal tract cancer ascites-derived cellular material utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing.
(hydrophobic) harvesting were further investigated. Increasing the current within a certain range (0.1 A-0.4 A) was beneficial to harvesting, while it's further increase decreased floating velocity, which was similar to the effect of the velocity gradient. Under the optimal condition, the harvesting efficiency of Tribonema sp. was 96.3% and the energy consumption (0.19 kWh/kg biomass) was much lower than other harvesting techniques, indicating that electro-flotation is a time-saving and economical approach for hydrophobic microalgae harvesting.Cadmium (Cd) contamination seriously threatens the soil health and food safety. Combination of amendment and accumulator plant is a green and effective technique to improve phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. In this study, a potting experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur on Cd phytoextraction by Cichorium intybus (chicory). Soil chemical and microbial properties were determined to reveal the mechanism of sulfur-assisting Cd phytoremediation by chicory. Soil pH decreased from 7.77 to the lowest 7.30 with sulfur addition (0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 g kg-1, LS, MS and HS treatment); Electric conductivity, sulfate anion and available cadmium concentration increased gradually with increasing sulfur doses. Cd concentration of shoot and root significantly increased from 1.47 to 4.43 mg kg-1, 6.15 to 20.16 mg kg-1 by sulfur treatment relative to CK, which were attributed to increased available Cd concentration induced by decreased pH. Sulfur treatments significantly increased the Cd bioconcentration factor by 64.1%, 118.6%, 201.0% for shoot, 76.3%, 145.6% and 227.7% for root under LS, MS and HS relative to CK treatment, respectively (P less then 0.05). However, only MS treatment significantly improved the Cd removal efficiency by 82.9% in comparison of CK treatment (P less then 0.05). Microbial community diversity measured by 16SrRNA showed that Thiobacillus and Actinobacteria were the key and dominant strains of soil microbial communities after sulfur addition, which played a pivotal role in the process of sulfur oxidation involved in decrease of soil pH and the transformation of Cd forms. Correlation analysis and path analysis by structural equation model indicated that soil sulfate anion and Thiobacillus directly affected Cd removal efficiency by chicory in Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. This suggests that combination of sulfur and chicory may provide a way to promote Cd bioaccumulation for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil.Climate change and biodiversity loss are two pressing global environmental challenges that are tightly coupled to urban processes. Cities emit greenhouse gases through the consumption of materials and energy. Urban expansion encroaches on local habitats, while urban land teleconnections simultaneously degrade distant ecosystems. These processes decrease the supply of and increase the demand for ecosystem services inside and outside urban areas. Most cities are in a state of ecosystem services deficit, whereby demand exceeds local supply of ecosystem services. Methods to quantify this deficit by capturing multi-scale and multi-level ecological exchanges are incipient, leaving scholars with a partial understanding of the environmental impacts of cities. This paper deploys a novel method to simulate future urban supplies and demands of two key ecosystem services needed to combat climate change and biodiversity loss - global climate regulation and global habitat maintenance. Applying our model to eight representative European cities, we project growing ecosystems deficits (demand exceeds supply) between 8% and 214% in global climate regulation and 11% and 431% in global habitat maintenance between 2020 and 2050. Variation between cities stems from differing dietary patterns and electricity mixes, which have large implications for ecosystems outside the city. To combat these losses, urban sustainability strategies should complement local restoration with changes to local consumption alongside promoting remote ecological restoration to tackle the multi-level environmental impacts of cities.Air temperature (Ta) data obtained from meteorological stations were spatially discontinuous. Some satellite data have complete spatial coverage and strong relationships with Ta (e.g., elevation and land surface temperature). Therefore, Ta can be mapped using in situ Ta and satellite data. However, this method may have a large bias when estimating the extreme Ta. In this study, the error prediction and correction (EPC) method, incorporating Cubist machine learning algorithm, was proposed to improve the estimation of extreme Ta. The accuracy of the EPC method was compared with that of the widely used method in previous studies in east China from 2003 to 2012. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the estimated daily Ta using the EPC method ranged from 0.75-1.01 °C, which were 0.57-0.96 °C lower than that of the method in the literature. The biases of the estimated Ta obtained using the two methods were close to zero. However, the biases can be as high as 7.10 °C when Ta is extremely low and as low as -3.09 °C when Ta is extremely high. Compared with the method in the literature, the EPC method can reduce the MAE by 1.41 °C, root mean square error by 1.49 °C, and bias by 1.61 °C of the estimated extreme Ta. Additionally, the EPC method produced satisfactory accuracy (MAEs less then 0.9 °C) of the estimated heat and cold wave magnitudes. Finally, a 1 km resolution daily Ta map in east China from 2003 to 2012 was developed, which will be useful data in multiple research fields.To achieve economical and eco-friendly denitrification, rice husk-intensified cathode driving bioelectrochemical reactor (RCBER) was constructed with rice husk as solid-phase carbon source and microbial carrier. Results demonstrated that the application of current improved the utilization of rice husk and enhanced the denitrification, and the quenching of anodic hydroxyl radicals by rice husk also improved the microbial resistance to current. The highest nitrate removal rate as 0.34 mg-N/(L∙d), higher economic benefits, i.e., current efficiency as 31.6% and energy consumption as 2.43 kWh/g NO3--N, and the highest environmental benefit, i.e., hydrogenotrophic denitrification contribution as 37.9%, were obtained at 200 mA/m2. The best performance at 200 mA/m2 was related to its better microenvironment, such as lower accumulation of anodic by-products and higher bioavailability of rice husks, as well as higher microbial metabolic activity, such as stable extracellular polymeric substance, the maximum electron transport system activity as 11.63 ± 0.14 μg O2·g-1·min-1·mg protein-1 and the highest activity of nitrate reductase (3.15-fold that of control check). The application of current realized the coexistence of heterotrophic and hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers, and multiple functional bacteria such as anaerobic denitrifiers Flavobacterium, aerobic denitrifiers Comamonas, hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers Thermomonas and electron transfer-related Enterobacter coexisted at 200 mA/m2, thereby improving RCBER's adaptability to the complex microenvironment. This study provides the theoretical basis for realizing a win-win situation of environmental pollution remediation and agricultural waste disposal.
Diarrhoea, malnutrition, and dehydration threaten the lives of millions of children globally due to inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH). Our study aimed to identify environmental and behavioural risk factors of these health outcomes among schoolchildren in Metro Manila, Philippines.

We analysed data from a multistage cluster sample of schoolchildren in grades 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 (ages ~10-15 years old) to investigate WaSH facilities and hygiene practices. Outcomes were self-reported diarrhoea, measured via questionnaire; observed malnutrition (stunting, undernutrition [underweight/thin and wasted/severely thin], over-nutrition [overweight and obese]), measured via anthropometry; dehydration, measured via urine specific gravity/urine test strips. We used multiple logistic regression to explore correlates.

We included 1558 students from 15 schools in three cities. Over 28% (421) of students had diarrhoea and 68% (956) were dehydrated. Over 15% (227) of students were stunted, ~9% (127) were undromote handwashing, and improve hygiene-related knowledge.
Findings from our cross-sectional study cannot describe causation. We have found associations that suggest that school restroom cleaning policies, adequate water supply, improved handwashing, and hygiene education are needed to prevent disease. School-based WaSH interventions are recommended to provide water in school WaSH facilities, promote handwashing, and improve hygiene-related knowledge.Copper ion (Cu2+) and zinc ion (Zn2+) are widely co-existent in anaerobic digestion effluent as typical contaminants. This work aims to explore how Cu2+-Zn2+ association affects physiological properties of S. platensis using Schlösser medium (SM) and sterilized anaerobic digestion effluent (SADE). Microalgae cells viability, biochemical properties, uptake of Cu2+ and Zn2+, and risk assessment associated with the biomass reuse as additives to pigs were comprehensively assessed. Biomass production ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 g/L in SM and 0.63 to 0.79 g/L in SADE due to the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Peak value of chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content during the experiment decreased by 70-100% and 40-100% in SM, and by 70-77% and 30-55% in SADE. Crude protein level reduced by 4-41% in SM and by 65-75% in SADE. The reduction ratio of these compounds was positively related to the Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. Maximum value of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was both obtained at 0.3 Cu + 2.0 Zn (50.8% and 22.8%, respectively) and 25% SADE reactors (33.8% and 27.7%, respectively). Uptake of Cu in biomass was facilitated by Zn2+ concentration (> 4.0 mg/L). Risk of S. platensis biomass associated with Cu2+ was higher than Zn2+. S. platensis from SM (Cu2+ ≤ 0.3 mg/L and Zn2+ ≤ 4.0 mg/L) and diluted SADE (25% and 50% SADE) reactors could be used as feed additives without any risk (hazard index less then 1), which provides sufficient protein and fatty acids for pig consumption. PR-619 inhibitor These results revealed the promising application of using S. platensis for bioremediation of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in anaerobic digestion effluent and harvesting biomass for animal feed additives.With continuous recognition of green, organic and pollution-free products, the organic fertilizer plays an increasingly important role in agricultural production. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an efficient and environmentally friendly biomass treatment technology that can achieve value-added utilization of solid wastes. This study evaluated the potential of two typical agricultural and forestry wastes (corn cob and peanut residue) in preparing as solid organic fertilizers through HTC. The effects of reaction temperature, residence time, and the raw material composition on hydrochar yield, total nutrient content (TNC), nitrogen recovery, and nutrient elements transformation in HTC were investigated. Corn cob was proven to be not an ideal raw material for the preparation of organic fertilizers because of the low TNC and the high C/N ratio of its hydrochar. On the contrary, peanut residue was suitable for preparing organic fertilizers due to its high TNC and appropriate C/N ratio. The co-HTC of corn cob and peanut residue could further improve the N recovery rate from 8.
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