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Characteristic and also Useful Response as well as Remission From the Open-Label Treatment-Optimization Phase of the Study Along with DR/ER-MPH in Children Using Attention deficit disorder.
Bivariate correlations were also attenuated for groups identified as overreporting or underreporting using MMPI-3 Validity Scale scores relative to individuals with valid MMPI-3 protocols, highlighting the need for and importance of appraising threats to protocol validity when assessing personality and psychopathology by self-report. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Contemporary conceptualizations of mindfulness refer to paying attention to the present moment with an open and nonjudgmental attitude. Empirical research is increasingly focusing on mindfulness as a dynamic and multifaceted state that can fluctuate across situations and time. The present study aimed to extend existing knowledge by using experience-sampling methodology to examine state-level mindfulness, pleasant/unpleasant event occurrence, and affective well-being in the everyday lives of middle-aged and older adults. A community-based sample of 157 participants aged 53-86 (M = 69.36, SD = 5.80) was recruited in May-June 2020. Participants completed assessments of multidimensional state mindfulness, hassle and uplift occurrence, and positive and negative affect on their smartphones, four times a day over 10 consecutive days. (Total observations 4,761; M = 30.32, SD = 8.78.) Multilevel models indicated that the state mindfulness-facets present-moment attention and nonjudgmental acceptance were predictive of greater affective well-being in older adulthood. Furthermore, nonjudgmental acceptance appeared to buffer affective reactivity to daily hassles, and importantly, this effect was stronger at older ages. Mindful states did not appear to provide any further boost to uplift-related mood. The findings suggest that occasions characterized by relatively high present-moment attention and nonjudgmental acceptance may contribute to enhanced emotional well-being in later adulthood. Furthermore, adopting a nonevaluative and accepting orientation toward momentary experiences may be a psychological strategy that has particular utility for mitigating emotional reactivity to daily stressors with increasing age. Future research should investigate multidimensional state mindfulness and affective well-being for middle-aged and older adults participating in mindfulness-based interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This article introduces a biologically detailed computational model of how rule-guided behaviors become automatic. The model assumes that initially, rule-guided behaviors are controlled by a distributed neural network centered in the prefrontal cortex, and that in addition to initiating behavior, this network also trains a faster and more direct network that includes projections from sensory association cortex directly to rule-sensitive neurons in the premotor cortex. After much practice, the direct network is sufficient to control the behavior, without prefrontal involvement. The model is implemented as a biologically detailed neural network constructed from spiking neurons and displaying a biologically plausible form of Hebbian learning. The model successfully accounts for single-unit recordings and human behavioral data that are problematic for other models of automaticity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study examined three aspects of maternal homework involvement (i.e., the quantity, quality, and source of initiative) and their direct and indirect associations with adolescents' task-avoidant behavior in homework situations and academic achievement. The sample consisted of Finnish mothers and their adolescents who were transitioning from primary to lower secondary school. Mothers rated the quantity of their homework involvement (i.e., monitoring and help), quality of their homework involvement (i.e., autonomy support and psychological control), and source of initiative (i.e., mother- vs. adolescent-initiated monitoring and help) at the beginning of Grade 6. They also reported on adolescents' task avoidance in homework situations at the beginning of Grade 7. Information on adolescents' academic achievement in the spring terms of Grades 5 and 7 was obtained from school registers. The results showed that high maternal psychological control and mother-initiated monitoring were associated with poorer subsequent academic achievement directly and indirectly through higher levels of adolescent task avoidance. Moreover, poor prior academic achievement was associated with higher levels of subsequent task avoidance directly and indirectly through high maternal psychological control and mother-initiated monitoring. Overall, the results highlight the importance of bringing mothers' knowledge and awareness to their self-initiated and controlling involvement practices and helping them to support adolescents' learning and motivation in more optimal ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study explores the dimensionality (factor analysis) and the relationships (empirical networks) between the Zuckerman alternative five-factor personality model and the two current pathological dimensional personality systems based on the International Classification of Diseases-11th Revision (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Section III. To this end, the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire-Short Form (ZKA-PQ/SF), the Personality Inventory for ICD-11, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form were used with 1,229 healthy community subjects 578 men (Mage = 40.03, SD = 17.77) and 651 women (Mage = 39.63, SD = 17.81). The results show that the pathological traits of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Antagonism/Dissociality are correlatively placed in the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Sensation Seeking, and Aggressiveness dimensional space. Psychoticism is positioned, to a lesser extent and with a similar loading, in Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism, whereas Anankastia is associated with the Activity factor. PTEN inhibitor The five ZKA-PQ domains explain 42% of the variance of Personality Inventory for ICD-11 and 39% of the variance of Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form, whereas the ZKA-PQ facets explain 47% and 44%, respectively. It is concluded that Zuckerman's alternative five-factor model of personality may be useful to better understand the position of pathological or maladaptive traits in the space of normal personality, complementarily to the five-factor model. It also helps to integrate the maladaptive personality traits of the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 Section III into a single system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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