Notes

Grasp strength as being a forecaster regarding depressive signs or symptoms among weak aged Men and women together with musculoskeletal circumstances.
e Daly, Miriam Davidson, Bonnie Spring. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (http//formative.jmir.org), 13.05.2020.BACKGROUND Virtual reality exposure therapy is an efficacious treatment of anxiety disorders, and recent research suggests that such treatments can be automated, relying on gamification elements instead of a real-life therapist directing treatment. Such automated, gamified treatments could be disseminated without restrictions, helping to close the treatment gap for anxiety disorders. Despite initial findings suggesting high efficacy, very is little is known about how users experience this type of intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine user experiences of automated, gamified virtual reality exposure therapy using in-depth qualitative methods. METHODS Seven participants were recruited from a parallel clinical trial comparing automated, gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia against an in vivo exposure equivalent. Selleckchem BMS-354825 Participants received the same virtual reality treatment as in the trial and completed a semistructured interview afterward. The transcribed material was analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Many of the uncovered themes pertained directly or indirectly to a sense of presence in the virtual environment, both positive and negative. The automated format was perceived as natural and the gamification elements appear to have been successful in framing the experience not as psychotherapy devoid of a therapist but rather as a serious game with a psychotherapeutic goal. CONCLUSIONS Automated, gamified virtual reality exposure therapy appears to be an appealing treatment modality and to work by the intended mechanisms. Findings from the current study may guide the next generation of interventions and inform dissemination efforts and future qualitative research into user experiences. ©Philip Lindner, Alexander Rozental, Alice Jurell, Lena Reuterskiöld, Gerhard Andersson, William Hamilton, Alexander Miloff, Per Carlbring. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (http//games.jmir.org), 29.04.2020.BACKGROUND Cancer has become the second leading cause of death globally. Most cancer cases are due to genetic mutations, which affect metabolism and result in facial changes. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify the facial features of patients with cancer using the deep learning technique. METHODS Images of faces of patients with cancer were collected to build the cancer face image data set. A face image data set of people without cancer was built by randomly selecting images from the publicly available MegaAge data set according to the sex and age distribution of the cancer face image data set. Each face image was preprocessed to obtain an upright centered face chip, following which the background was filtered out to exclude the effects of nonrelative factors. A residual neural network was constructed to classify cancer and noncancer cases. Transfer learning, minibatches, few epochs, L2 regulation, and random dropout training strategies were used to prevent overfitting. Moreover, guided gradient-weithat facial skin and adiposity were closely related to the presence of cancer. ©Bin Liang, Na Yang, Guosheng He, Peng Huang, Yong Yang. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 29.04.2020.BACKGROUND Well-being has multiple domains, and these domains are unique to the population being examined. Therefore, to precisely assess the well-being of a population, a scale specifically designed for that population is needed. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to design and validate a comprehensive well-being scale for people in a university environment, including students, faculty, and staff. link2 METHODS A crowdsourcing approach was used to determine relevant domains for the comprehensive well-being scale in this population and identify specific questions to include in each domain. A web-based questionnaire (Q1) was used to collect opinions from a group of university students, faculty, and staff about the domains and subdomains of the scale. A draft of a new well-being scale (Q2) was created in response to the information collected via Q1, and a second group of study participants was invited to evaluate the relevance and clarity of each statement. A newly created well-being scale (Q3) was then used by a tniversity environment. ©Leming Zhou, Bambang Parmanto. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 29.04.2020.BACKGROUND Since the early 1970s, health care provision has experienced rapid growth in the investment and adoption of health information technologies (HITs). However, the development and deployment of HITs has often been conducted in silos, at different organizational levels, within different regions, and in various health care settings; this has resulted in their infrastructures often being difficult to manage or integrate. Health information standards (ie, the set norms and requirements that underpin the deployment of HITs in health care settings) are expected to address these issues, yet their adoption remains to be frustratingly low among health care information technology vendors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize a comprehensive framework of factors that affect the adoption and deployment of health information standards by health care organizations. METHODS First, electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, were searched for relevant articles, with the results being exporon included partner trust, partner dependence, relationship commitment, and partner power. CONCLUSIONS The synthesized framework presented in this paper extends the current understanding of the factors that influence the adoption of health information standards in health care organizations. It provides policy and decision makers with a greater awareness of factors that hinder or facilitate their adoption, enabling better judgement and development of adoption intervention strategies. Furthermore, suggestions for future research are provided.BACKGROUND Prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, it is unclear how shame influences this treatment effect. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role shame played in the ICBT treatment process for participants with SAD. METHODS A total of 104 Chinese participants (73 females; age mean 24.92 years, SD 4.59) were divided into self-help ICBT, guided ICBT, or wait list control groups. Participants were assessed before and immediately after the intervention using Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and Experience of Shame Scale (ESS). RESULTS Participants' social anxiety symptoms (self-help differences between pre and post-treatment SIAS=-12.71; Cohen d=1.01; 95% CI 9.08 to 16.32; P less then .001 and differences between pre and post-treatment SPS=11.13; Cohen d=0.89; 95% CI 6.98 to 15.28; P less then .001 and guided SIAS=19.45; Cohen d=1.20; 95% CI 14.67 to 24.24; P lessd SPS beta=-.0039; SE 0.0015; 95% CI -0.0075 to -0.0012). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that participants' engagement in the exposure module in ICBT alleviates social anxiety symptoms by reducing the levels of shame proneness. Our study provides a new perspective for understanding the role of shame in the treatment of social anxiety. The possible mechanisms of the mediation effect and clinical implications are discussed.BACKGROUND Enhanced patient education (EPE) can improve the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy. However, it is uncertain whether EPE can increase the detection rate of colonic polyps and adenomas. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EPE in detecting colonic polyps and adenomas. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception to June 2019 for the identification of trials comparing the EPE with standard patient education for outpatients undergoing colonoscopy. We used random effects model to calculate summary estimates of polyp detection rate (PDR, defined as the number of patients with at least 1 polyp divided by the total number of patients undergoing selective colonoscopy), adenoma detection rate (ADR, defined as the number of patients with at least 1 adenoma divided by the total number of patients undergoing selective colonoscopy), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR, defined as the number of patients with 4; P less then .001; I2=0%), which were established by TSA. Pooled result from inverse-variance model illustrated an increase in SSADR (3 trials; 1248 participants; odds ratio 1.76; 95% CI 1.22-2.53; P less then .05; I2=0%). One trial suggested an increase in ADR-plus (RR 4.39; 95% CI 2.91-6.61; P less then .001). Pooled estimates from 3 (1649 participants) and 2 trials (1375 participants) generated no evidence of statistical difference for AADR and CDR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence indicates that EPE should be recommended to instruct bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy because it can increase the PDR, ADR, and SSADR. However, further trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of EPE for AADR, ADR-plus, and CDR because of limited data.During vertebrate retinal development, subsets of progenitor cells produce progeny in a non-stochastic manner, suggesting that these decisions are tightly regulated. However, the gene-regulatory network components that are functionally important in these progenitor cells are largely unknown. Here we identify a functional role for the OTX2 transcription factor in this process. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to produce somatic mutations of OTX2 in the chick retina and identified similar phenotypes to those observed in human patients. Single cell RNA sequencing was used to determine the functional consequences OTX2 gene editing on the population of cells derived from OTX2-expressing retinal progenitor cells. This confirmed that OTX2 is required for the generation of photoreceptors, but also for repression of specific retinal fates and alternative gene regulatory networks. These include specific subtypes of retinal ganglion and horizontal cells, suggesting that in this context, OTX2 functions to repress sister cell fate choices. link3 © 2020, Ghinia Tegla et al.Doc2a and Doc2b are high-affinity calcium-binding proteins that interact with SNARE proteins and phospholipids. Experiments performed on cultured cells indicated that Doc2 proteins promote spontaneous vesicle fusion and asynchronous neurotransmitter release, regulate vesicle priming, mediate augmentation, and regulate transmission during sustained activity. Here, we assess the role of Doc2 proteins in synaptic transmission under physiological conditions at mature synapses made by Purkinje cells onto neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (PC to DCN synapses). PCs express Doc2b but not Doc2a. Surprisingly, spontaneous neurotransmitter release, synaptic strength, the time course of evoked release, responses evoked by sustained high-frequency stimulation, and short-term plasticity were normal in Doc2b KO mice. Thus, in stark contrast to numerous functions previously proposed for Doc2, here we find that Doc2b removal does not influence transmission at PC-to-DCN synapses, indicating that conclusions based on studies of Doc2b in cultured cells do not necessarily generalize to mature synapses under physiological conditions.
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