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Multi-Wavelength Centered Visual Occurrence Indicator pertaining to Independent Checking associated with Microalgae.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maimendong and Qianjinweijing Tang (Jin formula), a classic Chinese formula, can enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects in patients with lung cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-lung cancer effect of Jin formula in vivo and in vitro, and to explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the anti-lung cancer mechanism of Jin formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell survival was determined via a colorimetric method, and apoptotic condition was revealed by flow cytometric analysis. Cell migration and invasion were detected by scratch and transwell assays. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was applied to measure the changes of miRNA expression. Pathological histology of lung tissues were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to detect the expression of marker proteins of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The relationship between miR-149-3p and MYC associated zinc finger protein (Mmula, at least in part, by inhibiting MAZ expression and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. CONCLUSION Our study illustrated that Jin formula suppressed the development of lung cancer and the mechanism may be associated with the miR-149-3p/MAZ/Wnt/β-catenin axis. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia aucheri Bioss contains flavonoid, coumarin and santonin with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial effects. The current study was aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of spring and autumn extracts of A. aucheri Bioss on Leishmania major both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. METHODS HPLC analysis was used to evaluate the percentages of compounds in spring and autumn extracts of A. aucheri. For in-vitro assay, the effect of different concentrations of spring and autumn extracts of A. aucheri was tested on L. major promastigotes and amastigotes. DLin-KC2-DMA supplier MTT and flow cytometry methods were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and probable apoptosis of A. aucheri extracts on L. major promastigotes. On the other hand, for in-vivo assay, the extracts were used as ointments to treat lesions developed on BALB/c mice after 28 days post inoculation of L. major. The diameter of lesions and the survival rates of infected BALB/c mice were measured weekly for a period of two monter fatality effect on L. major promastigotes in-vitro compared to the autum extract. In addition, the spring extract has stronger therapeutic effect on lesions caused by L. major in BALB/c mice than the autum extract. V.PURPOSE To determine factors predictive of visual outcome in patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-nine patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma treated with PDT. METHODS Patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma treated with PDT were identified and factors predictive of final visual acuity were assessed. The PDT was performed with verteporfin infusion intravenously at a dose of 6 mg/m2 body surface area over 10 minutes, followed by application of 50 J/cm2 light at 689 nm for 83 seconds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Factors predictive of final visual acuity ≥20/40 vs. ≤20/50. RESULTS There were 79 eyes of 79 patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma treated with PDT. All tumors were unilateral and posterior to the equator. Mean largest basal diameter was 5.7 mm (range 2.0-10.0 mm), and mean thickness was 3.0 mm (range 1.4-4.5 mm). A total of 116 PDT sessions were performed (mean 1.5, ranged in 93% of cases. CONCLUSION In this comparative analysis, PDT was an effective modality for treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. Good final visual outcome (≥20/40) was correlated with good baseline visual acuity, smaller tumor size, lack of CME, and lack of treatment prior to PDT. OBJECTIVE and purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in adults of 65 years old and older. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can complicate AMD and lead to severe visual acuity reduction. Despite the several treatments available, if the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is damaged, we have to cope with the impossibility to restore an acceptable visual acuity using only medical treatments. DESIGN this is a prospective, consecutive, interventional study. SUBJECTS we included eleven patients affected by age-related macular degeneration, six patients were affected by choroidal neovascularization and five by geographic atrophy. METHODS all the patients underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal implant of human amniotic membrane (hAM) to induce photoreceptor regeneration and partial visual acuity restoration. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES the primary study outcome was the visual acuity improvement. Secondary outcomes were multimodal imaging results. RESULTS Mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/2000 (2 logMAR), all the patients had a BCVA of counter finger or less. Mean final BCVA was 20/400 (1.31 logMAR), ranging from 20/2000 to 20/100 (2-0.7 logMAR). OCT Angiography scan was used to measure the retinal vascularization in the treated eye compared with the fellow eye. A high correlation between BCVA and Deep Vascular Density was evidenced. Adaptive optics was evaluated over the retinal area where the highest functionality was observed, using microperimetry. The images showed a possible photoreceptors presence over the hAM membrane. CONCLUSION This work supports the feasibility and safety of the hAM to promote a partial retinal function restoration six months after surgery with a visual acuity improvement. The advanced diagnostic helps to understand the interaction between the hAM and photoreceptors and suggest that photoreceptor regeneration may occur. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors. While a cortico-striatal-limbic network has been implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, the neural correlates of this network in OCD are not well understood. In this study, we examined resting state functional connectivity among regions within the cortico-striatal-limbic OCD neural network, including the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus and caudate, in 44 OCD and 43 healthy participants. We then examined relationships between OCD neural network connectivity and OCD symptom severity in OCD participants. OCD relative to healthy participants showed significantly greater connectivity between the left caudate and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also found a positive correlation between left caudate-bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity and depression scores in OCD participants, such that greater positive connectivity was associated with more severe symptoms. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of functional networks and their relationship with depression in OCD. Published by Elsevier B.V.Field classification is a new extension of traditional classification frameworks that attempts to utilize consistent information from a group of samples (termed fields). By forgoing the independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption, field classification can achieve remarkably improved accuracy compared to traditional classification methods. Most studies of field classification have been conducted on traditional machine learning methods. In this paper, we propose integration with a Bayesian framework, for the first time, in order to extend field classification to deep learning and propose two novel deep neural network architectures the Field Deep Perceptron (FDP) and the Field Deep Convolutional Neural Network (FDCNN). Specifically, we exploit a deep perceptron structure, typically a 6-layer structure, where the first 3 layers remove (learn) a 'style' from a group of samples to map them into a more discriminative space and the last 3 layers are trained to perform classification. For the FDCNN, we modify the AlexNet framework by adding style transformation layers within the hidden layers. We derive a novel learning scheme from a Bayesian framework and design a novel and efficient learning algorithm with guaranteed convergence for training the deep networks. The whole framework is interpreted with visualization features showing that the field deep neural network can better learn the style of a group of samples. Our developed models are also able to achieve transfer learning and learn transformations for newly introduced fields. We conduct extensive comparative experiments on benchmark data (including face, speech, and handwriting data) to validate our learning approach. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed deep frameworks achieve significant improvements over other state-of-the-art algorithms, attaining new benchmark performance. Approximately half of people infected with HIV (PWH) exhibit HIV-associated neuropathology (neuroHIV), even when receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Opiate use is widespread in PWH and exacerbates neuroHIV. While neurons themselves are not infected, they incur sublethal damage and GABAergic disruption is selectively vulnerable to viral and inflammatory factors released by infected/affected glia. Here, we demonstrate diminished K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) levels in primary human neurons after exposure to HIV-1 or HIV-1 proteins ± morphine, resulting in disruption of GABAAR-mediated hyperpolarization/inhibition. We found that the HIV proteins Tat (acting through NMDA receptors), and R5-tropic gp120 (acting via CCR5), and morphine (acting through μ-opioid receptors) induce KCC2 loss. We demonstrate that modifying KCC2 levels or function, or antagonizing NMDAR, CCR5 or MOR rescues KCC2 and GABAAR-mediated hyperpolarization/inhibition in HIV, Tat, or gp120 ± morphine-exposed neurons. Using an inducible, Tat-transgenic mouse neuroHIV model, we found that chronic exposure to Tat also reduces KCC2. Our results identify KCC2 as a novel therapeutic target for ameliorating the pathobiology of neuroHIV, especially PWH exposed to opiates. Epilepsy affects millions of individuals worldwide and many cases are pharmacoresistant. Duplication 15q syndrome (Dup15q) is a genetic disorder caused by duplications of the 15q11.2-q13.1 region. Phenotypes include a high rate of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We developed a Dup15q model in Drosophila melanogaster that recapitulates seizures in Dup15q by over-expressing fly Dube3a or human UBE3A in glial cells, but not neurons, implicating glia in the Dup15q epilepsy phenotype. We compared Dube3a overexpression in glia (repo>Dube3a) versus neurons (elav>Dube3a) using transcriptomics and proteomics of whole fly head extracts. We identified 851 transcripts differentially regulated in repo>Dube3a, including an upregulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes that occurred cell autonomously within glial cells. We reliably measured approximately 2,500 proteins by proteomics, most of which were also quantified at the transcript level. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of 21 synaptic transmission genes downregulated at the transcript and protein in repo>Dube3a indicating synaptic proteins change in a cell non-autonomous manner in repo>Dube3a flies.
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