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A novel limited single-isocenter stereotactic system radiotherapy (Withstand) method for synchronous numerous lungs skin lesions to attenuate startup worries.
The study suggests that alkaline lignin was effective in Cd/Pb immobilization partly via enhanced P availability in acid soils, but was ineffective in Cd immobilization in alkaline soils.Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) are common soil contaminants and pose a significant risk to human health. In this study, ingestion ( 1) was found through ingestion exposure for children in some urban sites and Pb was the most hazardous elements. Carcinogenic risks were under the threshold levels for every soil (CR less then 10-4), with Cr and As being the dominant contributors to risk. Therefore, necessary soil remediation activities are needed to reduce the risks of human, especially for children, exposure to Pb.The peat archives are one of the stratigraphic records revealing clearly physical, chemical and biological signals of human influence on the Earth System since the 1950s, at least. The presented study was aimed mainly to identify the level and origin of anthropogenic radionuclides such as 238, 239, 240Pu in a 210Pb-dated peat profile derived from the Northern Ural, Russian Federation. As stated, the vertical variability of 240Pu/239Pu isotopic compositions reflects the nuclear weapons testing history with the maximum in the 1960s and small regional impact most likely of high-yielded tests in the 1950s as well as Chinese detonations in the 1970s. Peat accumulations rates were similar to those obtained in adjacent areas, whereas 210Pb flux slightly exceeded the reference level established for adequate latitude belt.Powder adsorbents perform well due to their large surface area but are difficult to use because of aggregation and channeling. In this study, pelletization of adsorbents was proposed as a solution to these operating problems. A three-component mixture was extruded into pellets and calcined under air or nitrogen conditions The pellet adsorbent removed 47, 71, 97, and 72% of ammonium, phosphate, sulfathiazole, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Bentonite improved greatly the strength of pellets, and a 10 wt% of bentonite was sufficient to maintain pellet shape and mass. No significant difference in individual adsorption and multi-pollutant adsorption was found. Pellet adsorbents with alum sludge, bentonite, and low-grade charcoal are low-cost materials that effectively remove multi-pollutants from the aqueous phase.It is a challenge to simultaneously treat the combined pollutants of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) and organics (such as phenol) in wastewater. Here, a stable and efficient redox system based on FeS2 sulfidated zero valent iron (FeS2/Fe0) and persulfate (PS) was developed to synchronously remove Cr(VI) and phenol. 100% of phenol (10 mg/L) was oxidized in 10 min and Cr(VI) (20 mg/L) was completely reduced to Cr(III) in 90 min in the FeS2/Fe0+PS system with a pH range of 3.0-9.0, respectively. phenol was selectively oxidized without re-oxidizing Cr(III) in such system. The surface-bound Fe2+ was the major reactive species to synchronously reduce Cr(VI) and oxidize phenol. The mechanisms were elucidated that the phenol degradation was accelerated by the generated Cr(III) complexing with its products, and that SO42-, whose production speed was accelerated by the PS activation to oxidize phenol and FeS2, was conductive to corrode Fe0 to regenerate the surface-bound Fe2+ for reducing Cr(VI) and oxidizing phenol. selleck chemical It is potential to develop a high-performance and large-scaled FeS2/Fe0-based redox platform to remediate the complex pollution of Cr(VI) and organics.Electrocoagulation (EC) with a zinc anode demonstrated promising results to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from an aqueous solution. However, the energy requirement for EC is usually very high due to water electrolysis or aeration. This study aims to reduce energy consumption using an air-cathode in EC (ACEC) to supply oxygen electron acceptor without aeration for attenuating PFOA/PFOS in this new configuration. For the high PFOA concentration (0.25 mM), ACEC with 45 min of the reaction time exhibited an excellent PFOA removal (99.8 ± 0.3% removal) comparable to an EC with aeration (EC-aeration, 100% removal) while achieving much less energy consumption (0.14 kWh/m3). For the low PFOA concentration (0.1 μM), only 41.1 ± 11.6% was removed by the ACEC due to the low concentration gradient for adsorption. EC-aeration achieved higher PFOA removal (81.9 ± 15.1%) for the low PFOA concentration, possibly because air bubbles floated PFOA to the water surface, thereby concentrating PFOA. The PFOS removals in the ACEC and EC-aeration (76.4-88.5%) at the high concentration (0.25 mM) were lower than PFOA due tentatively to its micelle formation. However, PFOS was removed better than PFOA at the low concentration (0.1 μM) due to its higher hydrophobicity.The time-dependent of the average migration, depths and migration rates of radiostrontium and radiocesium were experimentally determined in sandy soil in Kuwait. The study aimed to describe the behavior of these radionuclides in typical soil types in Kuwait. Custom-made large-diameter lysimeters (30 cm) were constructed to hold about 70 kg of undisturbed soil. The top surface soil was contaminated with known activity concentrations of 85Sr and 134Cs radionuclides. The topsoil was wetted with 1 L of water weekly using a rain simulator tool. Gamma scanning of the lysimeters in a step of 5 cm from three sides was performed at three measurement times by a high-resolution portable gamma spectrometry system. The vertical distribution pattern of 85Sr and 134Cs concentration exhibited an exponential trend. The average migration depth and migration rates were calculated, and 90% of the 85Sr and 134Cs were situated at 10.38 and 5.73 cm in the topsoil layer, respectively. The average vertical migration rate of 85Sr varied from 2.2 to 4.4 cm y-1, and 134Cs was from 0.3 to 0.9 cm y-1. It was demonstrated that the mobility of the 85 Sr and 134 Cs in the sandy soil could be attributed to the physicochemical properties of the radionuclide, in particular the distribution coefficient (Kd). The obtained results could be adopted by the regions of similar climatological conditions, especially, the gulf countries region when the radiological risk assessment of contaminated sites and dose estimation is required.
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