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Vitamin k2 alleviates bone fragments calcium loss due to Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation involving osteocalcin.
Differential diagnosis in epilepsy is sometimes challenging. Video-electroencephalography (V-EEG) is an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. The prolonged duration of V-EEG recording increases the diagnostic yield of a conventional V-EEG. The right length of monitoring for different indications is still to be established. We present a retrospective descriptive study with a sample of 50 patients with long-term V-EEG monitoring, with a mean age of 36.1 years, monitored from 2013 to 2019 at the Burgos University Hospital. The mean monitoring time was 3.6 days. Events were obtained in 76% of the patients, corresponding to epileptic seizures (ES) in 57.9% of them, with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in 39.5%, and with episodes of both pathologies in 2.6% of the patients. see more We found that the first event was highly representative, and it correlated with the rest of the events that would be recorded. Moreover, 92% of the first PNES had been captured at the end of the second day, and 89% of the first ES by the end of the third day. V-EEG for differential diagnosis between ES and PNES can be performed in hospitals without specialized epilepsy surgery units. For this indication, the duration of long-term V-EEG can be adjusted individually depending on the nature of the first event.The micromorphology of fillers plays an important role in tribological and mechanical properties of polymer matrices. In this work, a TiO2-decorated Ti2C3 (TiO2/Ti3C2) composite particle with unique micro-nano morphology was engineered to improve the tribological and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resin. The TiO2/Ti3C2 were synthesized by hydrothermal growth of TiO2 nanodots onto the surface of accordion-like Ti3C2 microparticles, and three different decoration degrees (low, medium, high density) of TiO2/Ti3C2 were prepared by regulating the concentration of TiO2 precursor solution. Tribological test results indicated that the incorporation of TiO2/Ti3C2 can effectively improve the wear rate of epoxy resin. Among them, the medium density TiO2/Ti3C2/epoxy nanocomposites gained a minimum wear rate. This may be ascribed by the moderate TiO2 nanodot protuberances on the Ti3C2 surface induced a strong mechanical interlock effect between medium-density TiO2/Ti3C2 and the epoxy matrix, which can bear a higher normal shear stress during sliding friction. The morphologies of worn surfaces and wear debris revealed that the wear form was gradually transformed from fatigue wear in neat epoxy to abrasive wear in TiO2/Ti3C2/epoxy nanocomposites. Moreover, the results of thermo-mechanical property indicated that incorporation of TiO2/Ti3C2 also effectively improved the storage modulus and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin.Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019 ± 0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxisome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxisome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.JAK2-STAT3 and TrkA signaling pathways have been separately implicated in aggressive breast cancers; however, whether they are co-activated or undergo functional interaction has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein we report, for the first time that STAT3 and TrkA are significantly co-overexpressed and co-activated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-enriched breast cancer, as shown by immunohistochemical staining and data mining. Through immunofluorescence staining-confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation-Western blotting, we found that TrkA and STAT3 co-localize and physically interact in the cytoplasm, and the interaction is dependent on STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation. TrkA-STAT3 interaction leads to STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 by TrkA in breast cancer cells and cell-free kinase assays, indicating that STAT3 is a novel substrate of TrkA. β-NGF-mediated TrkA activation induces TrkA-STAT3 interaction, STAT3 nuclear transport and transcriptional activity, and the expression of STAT3 target genes, SOX2 and MYC. The co-activation of both pathways promotes breast cancer stem cells. Finally, we found that TNBC and HER2-enriched breast cancer with JAK2-STAT3 and TrkA co-activation are positively associated with poor overall metastasis-free and organ-specific metastasis-free survival. Collectively, our study uncovered that TrkA is a novel activating kinase of STAT3, and their co-activation enhances gene transcription and promotes breast cancer stem cells in TNBC and HER2-enriched breast cancer.CO2 removal via membrane oxygenators has become an important and reliable clinical technique. Nevertheless, oxygenators must be further optimized to increase CO2 removal performance and to reduce severe side effects. Here, in vitro tests with water can significantly reduce costs and effort during development. However, they must be able to reasonably represent the CO2 removal performance observed with blood. In this study, the deviation between the CO2 removal rate determined in vivo with porcine blood from that determined in vitro with water is quantified. The magnitude of this deviation (approx. 10%) is consistent with results reported in the literature. To better understand the remaining difference in CO2 removal rate and in order to assess the application limits of in vitro water tests, CFD simulations were conducted. They allow to quantify and investigate the influences of the differing fluid properties of blood and water on the CO2 removal rate. The CFD results indicate that the main CO2 transport resistance, the diffusional boundary layer, behaves generally differently in blood and water.
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