Notes

ULK1 phosphorylation associated with striatin activates proteins phosphatase 2A as well as autophagy.
We used the increase in walking activity in the presence of cues as an indicator of avoidance behaviour towards ants. Cursorial spiders spent a longer time moving and being mobile, and had a higher overall mean mobility when exposed to ant cues compared with blank filter papers, whereas sedentary spider species did not react to ant cues at all. The avoidance of ant cues by cursorial spiders corresponds to their higher risk of encountering ants compared with sedentary species, in accordance with the threat-sensitivity hypothesis. Our multi-species study shows the relevance of NCE for intraguild interactions and highlights the importance of experimental trait-based approaches to improve predictability of species interactions and the role of NCE in ecological communities. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )/Sirtuin (SIRT) system is linked to metabolic adaptation. This study aimed to determine the temporal profile of metabolic responses of the liver to cold exposure and changes in the hepatic NAD+ /SIRT system. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were individually housed in conventional cages under cold exposure (4 °C) for up to 5 days. Cold exposure decreased the hepatic triglyceride level and cholesterol level in mice by 1.7- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Lipogenic gene expression was persistently reduced, while gluconeogenic gene expression was transiently increased. Hepatic NAD+ /SIRT metabolism was induced during the 'cold remodeling' phase (days 1-3) and correlated with decreasing lipogenic and increasing gluconeogenic gene expression, contributing to the maintenance of whole-body lipid and glucose homeostasis. © 2020 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.As climate change is an important environmental issue, the conventional petrochemical-based processes to produce valuable chemicals are being shifted toward eco-friendly biological-based processes. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/NVP-AUY922.html In this study, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), an industrially important three carbon (C3) chemical, was overproduced by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli using glycerol as a sole carbon source. As the first step to construct a glycerol-dependent 3-HP biosynthetic pathway, the dhaB1234 and gdrAB genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae encoding glycerol dehydratase and glycerol reactivase, respectively, were introduced into E. link2 coli to convert glycerol into 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA). In addition, the ydcW gene from K. pneumoniae encoding γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, among five aldehyde dehydrogenases examined, was selected to further convert 3-HPA to 3-HP. Increasing the expression level of the ydcW gene enhanced 3-HP production titer and reduced 1,3-propanediol production. To enhance 3-HP production, fed-batch fermentation conditions were optimized by controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) level and employing different feeding strategies including intermittent feeding, pH-stat feeding, and continuous feeding strategies. Fed-batch culture of the final engineered E. coli strain with DO control and continuous feeding strategy produced 76.2 g/L of 3-HP with the yield and productivity of 0.457 g/g glycerol and 1.89 g·L-1 ·h-1 , respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest 3-HP productivity achieved by any microorganism reported to date. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy system as a minimally invasive treatment method in lower urinary tract symptom treatment and its effect on the patients' quality of life (QoL). The thermotherapy system was applied to 118 patients between May 2016 and September 2017 with the requirement of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, who either could not be operated upon due to their comorbidities or preferred to undergo this procedure as an alternative treatment method. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and QoL scores and maximal flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residue (PVR) values were evaluated before and after treatment. For the 80 patients who completed the 2-year follow-up period, the Qmax values were observed to be increased at each follow-up evaluation and PVR, QoL and IPSS were observed to be decreased. link3 These changes were statistically significant from the baseline. In this study we found there was 48.8% increase in Qmax, 72.1% decrease in IPSS, 70.8% decrease in the QoL score, 51.1% decrease in PVR of 80 patients who underwent bipolar radiofrequency prostate ablation. The bipolar radiofrequency prostate thermotherapy system can be safely applied as an outpatient treatment in high-risk cases or for those who are anxious about surgical interventions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the risk of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is high and to further identify the risk factors for postoperative dislocation in these patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study reviewed Crowe type IV DDH patients undergoing THA between January 2009 and December 2017 in our institution. Each Crowe type IV DDH patient was matched with three Crowe type I, II, or III DDH patients according to gender, side and date of operation. The primary outcome of this study was postoperative dislocation after THA. Occurrence, rate, classification, treatment and outcome of dislocation were documented in detail for all patients. The dislocation rates were compared between Crowe type IV DDH patients and Crowe type I, II, or III DDH patients. Demographic data, implant factors, and surgical factors were compared between the dislocation and no dislocation groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used0.014), older age (OR = 1.128, 95% CI = 1.037-1.275, P = 0.031), and absence of false acetabulum (OR = 12.425, 95% CI = 1.982-77.879, P = 0.007) were identified as independent risk factors for dislocation in Crowe type IV hips. CONCLUSIONS Crowe type IV DDH patients were at a high risk of dislocation after THA, and using large femoral heads and improving abductor muscle strength may help decrease the rate of postoperative dislocation in such patients. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Although pressure injury (PI) is preventable, the number of patients developing this type of injury is still high. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to assess whether high risk for undernutrition was a risk factor for PI in 1937 patients aged ≥18 at six hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients' risk for undernutrition was assessed using three unique screening tools. Risk for PI was assessed using the Braden Scale. Data were analysed using Poisson regression with robust variance (95% CI, P ≤ .05). While 57.1% of patients were at risk for undernutrition in the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002), only 36.8% and 2.6% were at risk in the Braden Scale Nutrition Subscale (BSNS) and Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status (SGANS), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate was 5.9%. Of those who developed PI, 91.2%, 56.2%, and 18.4% were at risk for undernutrition in the NRS 2002, BSNS, and SGANS scales, respectively. We found a significantly higher risk for PI in patients who were at risk for undernutrition compared with those who were not at risk, supporting previous evidence about the role of undernutrition as a key risk factor for PI in hospitalised patients. © 2020 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.INTRODUCTION There are substantial differences in genes, diet, culture, and environment between the Northern and Southern Chinese populations, which may influence treatment strategy and screening policy. We studied the differences in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications between Northern and Southern China. METHODS We did a cross-sectional survey using data from the China Cardiometabolic Registries on blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose in 25,398 Chinese T2D patients. Macrovascular, microvascular, and other complications were collected by self-report or medical records, and then divided into the Northern and Southern groups by the boundary of the Yangtze River. RESULTS Northern patients were younger and had heavier weight, greater body-mass index and waist circumference, higher blood pressure, higher total cholesterol, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher hemoglobin A1C. The prevalence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and macrovascular complications were 1.76 times, 1.24 times, and 1.47 times more in Northern than that in Southern Chinese patients. In addition, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and microvascular complications in Northern Chinese patients also increased. When stratified by age, the difference in both cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke morbidity became significant even in the 35-44 age group. CONCLUSIONS More macrovascular and microvascular complications were found in Northern compared to Southern patients, and the largest difference also appeared in the younger age groups under 55, which may be meaningful to a screening and treatment strategy according to geographic differences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.While osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease, ankle osteoarthritis is a subdivision that has received little attention. Two effective ways to treat osteoarthritis of the ankle are total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AAD). Whether TAR or AAD is more beneficial for treatment is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficiency (clinical outcome and patient satisfaction) and safety (complications and survival) of these two procedures. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed as a guideline for this study. Three electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched up to May 2019, with no language restrictions. Prospective or retrospective comparative studies were identified. The outcomes included clinical outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and survival. Review Manager (Revman) 5.3 software was used to conduct the data analysis. We only selected literature frhowed no statistically significant difference between TAR and AAD in clinical outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and survival. This revealed that TAR and AAD could appear to have similar results in these aspects. Therefore, the present results are not sufficient to conclude which of these two methods is better. Further studies are needed to obtain more clues. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Embedding the fragmented selenium into the micropores of carbon host has been regarded as an effective strategy to change the Li-Se chemistry by a solid-solid mechanism, thereby enabling an excellent cycling stability in Li-Se batteries using carbonate electrolyte. However, the effect of spatial confinement by micropores in the electrochemical behavior of carbon/selenium materials remains ambiguous. A comparative study of using both microporous (MiC) and mesoporous carbons (MeC) with narrow pore size distribution as selenium hosts is herein reported. Systematic investigations reveal that the high Se utilization rate and better electrode kinetics of MiC/Se cathode than MeC/Se cathode may originate from both its improved Li+ and electronic conductivities. The small pore size ( less then 1.35 nm) of the carbon matrices not only facilitates the formation of a compact and robust solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) with low interfacial resistance on cathode, but also alters the insulating nature of Li2 Se due to the emergence of itinerant electrons.
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