Notes

DOP
IOP
Preterite vs Imperfect
Aff tu commands
imperfect progressive
por vs para
reflexive


Direct Object Pronouns:
Who or what is being directly affected by the action

me - me
te - you
lo, la - him, her, (it)
nos - us
los, las - them, you guys

placement:
directly before the conjugated verb
or it can go at the end of an infinitive


You know me (conocer)
(Tú) me conoces

I have it (the pen - el bolígrafo)
lo tengo

you speak it (el espanol)
(tú) lo hablas

We have them (the tables - las mesas)
las tenemos

I am able to speak it (el espanol)
Puedo hablarlo
Lo puedo hablar

He is going to say them (las frases)
él va a decirlas
él las va a decir



Indirect Object Pronouns:
to who or for whom an action is performed (the recipient of an action)

me - to/for me
te - to/for you
le - to/for him, her, it
nos - to/for us
les - to/for them, you guys


placement:
directly before the conjugated verb
or it can go at the end of an infinitive


I speak to him
le hablo

They give me the pencils
me dan los lapices



Reflexives/reciprocal:
demonstrate that someone is doing an action to themselves or a part on their body

me - to myself
te - to yourself
se -...
nos
(os)
se

lavar = to wash

lavo el carro = I wash the car
me lavo = I wash myself

I brush my teeth
me cepillo los dientes

we hug each other
nos abrazamos

placement:
directly before the conjugated verb
or it can go at the end of an infinitive





Preterite vs Imperfect:

preterite:
-specific
-one time actions or countable # of times(if we know the exact amount of times that an action occurred)
-completed actions
-definite time period with a beginning and end

imperfect:
-general
-repetition (non-countable; we dont know the exact number of times it happened)
-incomplete actions
-indefinite time period with no beginning or end (eg. when I was a child)



Preterite:

AR:
é
aste
ó
amos
asteis
aron

ER/IR:
í
iste
ió
imos
isteis
ieron


Irregular chart(cucuracha verbs):
e - ar
iste - er/ir
o - ar
imos - er/ir
ieron (eron for stems that end in J) - er/ir

decir - dij
estar - estuv
poder - pud
poner - pus
trear - traj
tener - tuv
venir - vin


Ser/Ir
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fuisteis
fueron


Dar/ver: both use the er/ir chart with no accents

DAR:
di
diste
dio
dimos
dieron

VER:
vi
viste
vio
vimos
vieron


Stem changers:
e - i
o - u
i - y


Only stem changes in the él ella usted and ellos ellas ustedes form
dormir
pedir
morir
medir

DORMIR
dormí
dormiste
durmió
dormimos
durmieron

PEDIR
pedí
pediste
pidió
pedimos
pidieron

i - y
When we have three vowels in a row, that middle i changes to keep consistent with how they say it

creer
caer
leer
destruir

leí
leíste
leyó
leímos
leyeron





Imperfect:
aba/ía


AR:
aba
abas
aba
ábamos
aban

ER/IR:
ía
ías
ía
íamos
ían

Irregulars
ser - era
ir - iba
ver - veía

Imperfect progressive:
Someone was verbING
Estar (imperfect) + verb(ando/iendo)
estaba
estabas
estaba
estábamos
estaban

I was eating
Yo estaba comiendo

he was swimming
él estaba nadando

We were jumping (saltar)
estábamos saltando

i - y
When we have three vowels in a row, that middle i changes to keep consistent with how they say it

creer
caer
leer
destruir

creyendo





Affirmitive tú commands:

go to the él/ella/usted(present) form

Speak spanish!
habla espanol

Eat!
come!

Write!
escribe

irregulars:
ven - venir - come!
di - decir - say/tell!
sal - salir - leave!
haz - hacer - do/make!
ten - tener - have!
ve - ir - go!
pon - poner - put/place/set!
sé - ser - be!



corda = cord