Notes

Range Effects Milk Milk Oligosaccharides Components Tgfβ
One mechanism by which HMOs might contribute to immune homeostasis and protection against disease is the induction of a local tolerogenic milieu. In this study we investigated the effect of the HMOs 6'-sialyllactose (6'SL) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) as well as prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on DC differentiation and maturation. Isolated CD14+ monocytes were cultured for six days in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 with or without 6'SL, 2'FL, GOS, VitD3 or TGFβ. Additionally, 2'-Fucose lactose , TGFβDC and moDC were used as different DC types to investigate the effect of 6'SL, 2'FL and GOS on DC maturation. Surface marker expression and cytokine production was measured by flow cytometry and cytometric bead array, respectively. Unlike TGFβ and vitD3, the oligosaccharides 6'SL, 2'FL and GOS did not influence DC differentiation.

Next, we studied the effect of 6'SL, 2'FL and GOS on maturation of moDC, VitD3DC and TGFβDC that showed different profiles of HMO-binding receptors. 6'SL, 2'FL and GOS did not modulate LPS-induced maturation, even though their putative receptors were present on the different DCs types. Thus, whereas VitD3 and TGFβ halt DC differentiation, which results in phenotypically distinct tolerogenic DCs, 6'SL, 2'FL and GOS do not alter DC differentiation or maturation of in vitro differentiated DC types.Conflict of interest statement Friesland Campina provided support in the form of salary for author RJJvN. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.Maternal and Infant Factors Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharides Concentrations According to Secretor and Lewis Phenotypes.Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are multifunctional carbohydrates naturally present in human milk that act as prebiotics, prevent pathogen binding and infections, modulate the immune system and may support brain development in infants.

HMOs composition is very individualized and differences in HMOs concentrations may affect the infant's health. HMOs variability can be partially explained by the activity of Secretor (Se) and Lewis (Le) genes in the mother, but non-genetic maternal factors may also be involved. In this cross-sectional, observational study, 78 single human milk samples ranging from 17 to 76 days postpartum (median 32 days, IQR 25-46 days) were collected from breastfeeding Brazilian women, analyzed for 16 representative HMOs by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and associations between maternal and infant factors with HMOs concentrations were investigated. HMOs concentrations presented a high variability even in women with the same SeLe phenotype and associations with maternal allergic disease, time postpartum and with infant's weight, weight gain and sex. Overall, we present unprecedented data on HMOs concentrations from breastfeeding Brazilian women and novel associations of maternal allergic disease and infant's sex with HMOs concentrations. Differences in HMOs composition attributed to maternal SeLe phenotype do not impact infant growth, but higher concentrations of specific HMOs may protect against excessive Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to The effect of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants.

AIM To determine the effect of neutral oligosaccharides [small-chain galacto-oligosaccharideslong-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOSlcFOS)] in combination with acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants.METHODS In this explorative RCT, preterm infants with gestational age 32 weeks andor birth weight 10 g received enteral supplementation with scGOSlcFOSpAOS or placebo (maltodextrin) between days 3 and of life. Stool samples were collected at day after birth.RESULTS In total, 113 infants were included. Baseline and nutritional characteristics were not different between both groups. Stool viscosity at day was lower in the prebiotics group (16N) (3-67) compared with the placebo group (26N) (1-148) (p =3; 95% CI . to3).

There was a trend towards higher stool frequency in the prebiotics group (3 ±) compared with the placebo group (2 ±) (p =5; 95% CI 8 to2). Stool pH at day was lower in the in the prebiotics group (5 ±) compared with the placebo group (6 ±) (p =09; 95% CI8 to3).
Homepage: http://allinno.com/product/healthcare/671.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27-Fucosyllactose