Notes

HUMAN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
—Human reproduction is sexual reproduction that results in human fertilization(the union of egg and sperm cell) to produce a human offspring(children). It typically involves sexual intercourse between a sexually mature human male and female.

The male and female reproductive systems are regulated (controlled) by hormones and hormonal interaction. In order to reproduce, hormonal changes happen in the body. These hormones pass through the endocrine glands, into blood circulation, and target the organ(s) involved in the reproductive system.

Leonardo da Vinci did many drawings and studies of the human body in the 1400s, such as this one called the 'Vitruvian Man'.
-The Vitruvian Man is a drawing by the Italian Renaissance artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to c. 1490. Inspired by the writings of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, the drawing depicts a nude man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribed in both a circle and square.

REPRODUCTION MECHANISM IN MALES

External Genitals- The male genital system consists of both external and internal parts. The external male genitalia include the penis, urethra, and scrotum. The internal male genitalia include the seminal vesicle, testes, vas deferens, epididymis, prostate, bulbourethral gland, and ejaculatory duct.

Urinary bladder- The urinary bladder is a hollow, spherical-shaped organ that holds urine (pee).

Vas deferens- The duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.

Urethra Penis- The urethra is the tube that lets urine leave your bladder and your body.

Seminal vesicle- Seminal vesicles are also called seminal glands or vesicular glands. They are sacs about 2 inches long that are located behind your bladder but in front of your rectum. The seminal vesicles are involved in fertility.

Rectum- The final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Epididymis- A highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.

Testes Scrotum- The testes are responsible for making sperm and are also involved in producing a hormone called testosterone.

Prostate- The prostate is both an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation.

The penis is the male organ used for sexual reproduction (sex) and urination (pag ihi). It reaches its full size during puberty(pagbibinata). Its root is attached to the wall of the abdomen(tyan), while its tube-shaped body or shaft are comprised of erectile tissues. The erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal(sex). This causes the penis to become erect and rigid(tinitigasan kana), and prepared for coitus (sex).

The penis is made up of several parts.
-The glans penis, which in uncircumcised males is partially covered by the foreskin or prepuce, is at the head of the penis. (balat sa ulo ng penis like sa mga hindi pa tuli)
-The urethra is the tip of the glans penis. (butas sa bandang ulo ng penis)
-When the penis is erect, urine will not be able to come out of the urethra as only semen will be ejaculated from the body. ( kapag tinigasan na yung lalake hindi na makakalabas yung ihi ang lalabas nalang is yung sperm)

The scrotum (itlog) is located behind the penis. It is loose and pouch-like, and it holds the testicles/testes inside it(parang bilog na hugis itlog din). The scrotum is located outside the body in order to provide a cooler temperature for the testes, which has seminiferous tubules inside it and produce sperm. Along the back of each testes is the epididymis, where the sperm cells mature, are carried, and stored. During sexual arousal(sex), the sperm pass into the vas deferens(parang maliit na ugat na dinadaan ng sperm papuntang urethra).

The testes is also where testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, is produced.

spermatic cord- A bundle of nerves, ducts, and blood vessels connecting the testicles to the abdominal cavity.

vas deferens- The duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.

rete testis- The rete testis is thin interconnected network of tubules within the mediastinum testis.

epididymis- A highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.

tunica albuginea- The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope that extends the length of the corpora cavernosa penis and corpus spongiosum penis.

seminiferous tubule- The seminiferous tubules are the site of the germination, maturation, and transportation of the sperm cells within the male testes.

tunica- the outer layer or layers of cells in an apical meristem, which contribute to surface growth.

vaginalis- There are twoc types of vaginalis, first, is the bacterial vaginosis which happens when the vagina's natural bacteria levels are out of balance and Gardnerella Vaginalis is a kind of bacterial infection of the vagina. It is not sexually transmitted.

lobule- A small lobe.

scrotum- A pouch of skin containing the testicles.