Notes

11 Robot Development Trends
The growth and development of robotics will largely be determined by related industries: the science of materials and advances in computer technology. Analysts have identified the key trends in the industry for the following five-years.

People tend to overestimate the impact of the latest technology in the near future and underestimate its impact eventually.

But it doesn't negate the fact the expert community, their state and business have to have a roadmap to the development of innovative industries sometime soon.

The authors of the annual survey in the home and industrial robots market discussed with experts the fundamental trends in this region as well as in the report for 2021 presented 11 areas that in the next 5yrs could have the maximum affect the continuing development of robotics on earth.

1. New materials

Even if we look at the simplest industrial manipulators, in 2019 roughly 3.5 thousand people per robot, this also ratio isn't likely to cultivate without radical adjustments to the science of materials from which robotics is created, the authors from the review are sure. They pay special awareness of two promising materials:

gallium nitride (GaN), which can successfully replace silicon for transistor manufacturing;
graphene, a super-thin and super-strong material where it is possible to produce actuators for robots, new batteries plus much more.

2. New sources of energy, technologies for its collection and storage

Considering the quantity of heat generated by the combustion of gasoline as well as the human requirement of energy, it is possible to calculate that if individuals were eating gasoline, they will merely have 150 g of fuel daily. In turn, electric motors have become even less energy-efficient than an inside combustion engine. In order for robots in order to compete with humans in their capabilities, breakthrough technologies are needed within their energy supply.

For example, this can be a improvement of current lithium batteries, the creation of new batteries depending on hydrogen, etc. Also, we should not forget about alternative, alternative energy sources. Finally, a technology can be implemented to recharge the robot remotely, for instance, from sources of energy constructed into the bottom or walls.

3. Interaction of teams of robots and people

These are unmanned traffic management systems. To avoid accidents and accidents, transport robots must have a channel of communication both with humans with one another.

4. Navigation in extreme conditions

Robots must realize what they may be doing and where these are moving not simply under normal human conditions, but also where people just can't get there: as an example, in the mountains or about the seabed.

In addition, situations can't be excluded when the robot will continue to be completely without communication (as an example, underground or in the big event of a satellite breakdown). In this case, it is very important create a fully autonomous navigation system for unmanned devices. Similar developments already exist both abroad as well as in Russia.

5. Machine learning

The progression of artificial intelligence is critical to produce truly useful and "smart" robots. Over the years to come, Sberbank analysts identify four fundamental vectors of development in this field:

improving the efficiency of utilizing neural networks by causing their architecture more technical or reducing power consumption;

teaching algorithmic procedures rather than hard programming, that can simplify and, therefore, increase the entire process of acquiring skills with the machine;

mass adoption of cloud services for machine learning;

improvement of motional actions of robots due to artificial intelligence technologies.

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6. Human-machine interaction

The robot economy, like all other innovative technologies, is around increasing productivity. That is, automation isn't a finish itself, but something to improve economic efficiency. The authors from the review tend to feel that the top result will probably be shown not by replacing those with robots, but by their cooperation. According to them, the interaction of robots and humans will develop in four main areas:

a robot as something that repeats human capabilities (for example, exoskeletons and prostheses);

robot as an instrument that expands human capabilities;

an avatar robot, that is, a device remotely controlled by the an affiliate hard-to-reach places;

social interaction having a person, like voice assistants and chat bots.

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7. Manipulation robotics

The authors of the Sberbank report think that in the next five years were unlikely to view a breakthrough in hardware technologies for robots ("hardware"), though the growth and development of software will raise the capabilities and lower the expense of manipulation technology.

First of, were referring to helping the feedback of sensors. Robot, grabbing a thing, could have to inform the operator in detail about how heavy it is, dimensions, compression force, etc. Also, new computer technologies will make it possible to program more technical trajectories of movement of manipulators.

8. Sensorics

One of the definitions in the concept of "robot", that this analysts of Sberbank abide by, says that it is a machine that is in a position to perceive the world around it with the aid of sensors, process the signals received in this manner and react accordingly. Reducing the cost, simplifying and enhancing the capabilities of sensorics is one from the key trends inside growth and development of robotics within the coming years.

9. Robosimulators

Large amounts of data are required to train robots. To receive them, it is not necessary to build a model of the robot - sometimes it may be economically unprofitable, sometimes even dangerous for an individual. Therefore, the degree of coming of computer simulators of an robot will still only increase with all the expansion of automation.

10. New drive

Fundamentally, the principles of producing drive mechanisms are unlikely to switch, but even here the authors in the review discover a field for innovation. In addition to the new super-strong materials specified within the first paragraph, these can be new motors and gearboxes.

11. mecabot and production

Again, this really is primarily about software innovation. Libraries of electronic components, high-quality digital diaries, virtual reality tools can simplify the product design process.

At the development stage, the progress of robotics is going to be stimulated by the emergence of new materials, their reduction in price, along with the progression of 3D printing. It also requires optimization of software, that can make it easier and faster to make new machines.
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