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1. The apparatus was assembled with the mixture in the round bottom flask and hot-water bath boiling, with boiling stones.
2. The hot plate helped to bring the mixture to a gentle boil, and vapor was produced.
3. The vapor travelled up into the side arm where the thermometer sits and measured the temperature.
4. The vapor continues into the condenser into the hollow section of the cold water.
5. The cold water entered one side and exited from another.
6. The temperature vapor decreased from gas into liquid and into the receiving flask.
7. When 1, 5, 10, 15 mL was collected in the receiving flask, the temperature increased in small increments, and was used to find the normal boiling point for the known and unknown liquids.
The boiling range at 5.0 mL for known liquid was 77.2 C and at 15 mL was 78.0 C.
The boiling range at 5.0 for unknown liquid was 38.5 C and at 15 mL was 39.2 C.
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