Notes

Integrative omics analysis revealed the downregulation of gene clusters enriched in acid secretion and fatty acid metabolism in the Ocln-null epididymis, especially the enzymes related to the unsaturated arachidonic acid pathway
The number of proton-pump V-ATPase-expression clear cells, a key player of luminal acidification in the epididymis, declined drastically from prepubertal age before sperm arrival but not in the early postnatal age. This was accompanied by programmed cell death of clear cells and increased pH in the epididymal fluid of OCLN-deficient mice. The lipidomics results showed significantly increased levels of specific DAGs conjugated to unsaturated fatty acids in the Ocln-mutant. vitamin d3 benefits showed that the arachidonic acid converting enzyme PTGDS and phospholipase PLA2g12a were prominently altered in the principal cells and luminal contents of the Ocln-mutant epididymis. Whereas the carboxylate ester lipase CES1, originally enriched in the WT basal cells, was found upregulated in the Ocln-mutant principal cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that OCLN is essential for maintaining caput-to-corpus epithelial integrity, survival of acid-secreting clear cells, and unsaturated fatty acid catabolism in the mouse epididymis, thereby ensuring sperm maturation and male fertility.

commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is one of the most lethal primary bone tumors with a poor survival rate. Current evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) loaded with abundant biological functional lncRNAs confer therapeutic benefits against the development of various tumors. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal lncRNAs from BMSCs in the pathogenesis of ES. METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments were used to detect the expression level of LINC00847 in ES tissues and cells. Cell biology experiments examined the effect of in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities and the biological function of BMSCs-derived LINC Finally, we constructed a LINC00847-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by in silico methods. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of LINC RESULTS: We found that LINC00847 was markedly downregulated in ES. Overexpression of LINC00847 inhibited ES cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Furthermore, benefits of vitamin d3 -derived EVs inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ES cells by delivering LINC We constructed a LINC00847 related-ceRNA network contains five miRNAs (miR-18a-5p, miR-18b-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-485-3p) and four mRNAs (GFPT1, HIF1A, NEDD9, and NOTCH2). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study found that BMSCs-EVs-derived exosomal LINC00847 inhibited ES cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The ceRNA regulatory mechanism of LINC00847 may participate in the pathogenesis of the malignant phenotype of ES. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: These findings suggest that BMSCs-derived exosomal lncRNAs may be used for the personalized treatment of tumors, providing a novel theoretical framework for Circoviruses (genus Circovirus, family Circoviridae) are ssDNA viruses that infect mammals, and they sometimes can transmit among different species. We investigated the distribution and diversity of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3, species Porcine circovirus 3) and fox circovirus (species Canine circovirus 1) in different populations of foxes (Vulpes spp.) inhabiting the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador to compare their epidemiological profiles. Of the 210 samples tested in this study 9 were positive for PCV-3 and 99 were positive for fox circovirus.

Eight foxes were PCV-3-positive (8/128, 3%) and the virus was only found in the most human-populated areas. The PCV-3 positivity rate was significantly higher in stool (7/180, 8%) than in spleen (2/120, 7%: p < 05). Phylogenetic analyses showed that sequences from different animals were unrelated to each other. Fox circovirus was identified in 66 animals (6%) and positivity rates were the highest in the least human-populated areas. There were no significant differences between positivity rates in stool (32/80, 0%), spleen (59/120, 2%), or lymph nodes (8/10, 0%). Among 54 positive animals for which both spleen and stool samples were available, 25 (3%) had detectable virus in both samples. All fox circovirus sequences recovered in this study formed a monophyletic clade, and no geographic segregation of study strains was observed.

The high prevalence and high genetic diversity observed for fox circovirus implies that the virus has been circulating in this population for a long time. PCV-3 cases were consistent with sporadic infections from multiple sources, possibly related to scavenging behavior and consumption of meat by-products and human waste, while fox circovirus was endemic, indicating that foxes are likely the maintenance host for this virus. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating the presence of fox circovirus in North America and to show that PCV-3 can be detected in foxes. Future studies should evaluate the pathogenic potential of these viruses for wildlife.
Website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D