Notes

Here, a further step of technical development was achieved by combining nanoembossing technique with the FL to realize the selective growth of silver on the polarized areas induced by nanoembossing
The induced rearrangements of domain distributions by embossing in the ferroelectric films have been characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The selective photochemical reduction of silver particles on the embossed nanostructures associated with the underlying domain patterns created by the nanoembossing process has been successfully demonstrated. This nanoembossing induced ferroelectric lithography (NIFL) developed in this work is expected to create an alternative route for nanoscale patterning of metals.Aromatic character of nanographene model compounds.Superaromatic stabilization energy (SSE) defined to estimate the degree of macrocyclic aromaticity can be used as a local aromaticity index for individual benzene rings in very large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and finite-length graphene nanoribbons. Aromaticity patterns estimated using SSEs indicate that the locations of both highly aromatic and reactive rings in such carbon materials are determined primarily by the edge structures.

Aromatic sextets are first placed on the jutting benzene rings on armchair edges, if any, and then on inner nonadjacent benzene rings. In all types of nanographene model compounds, the degree of local aromaticity varies markedly near the edges.Light-driven expulsion of the sterically hindering ligand L in tris-diimine ruthenium(II) complexes of the Ru(phen)2(L)2+ family: a pronounced ring effect.Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, Three new ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared which contain two 1,10-phenanthroline units and a third sterically hindering chelate. In one case, the hindering ligand is a disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) attached to two very bulky manisyl groups. The two other systems are similar in terms of size of the hindering groups (anisyl substituents) located close to the central metal. The complexes investigated in the Present Report are aimed at providing building blocks of future light-driven molecular machines.

The photochemical expulsion of the sterically hindering chelate has thus been studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR. Surprisingly, Light-Induced Acid Source -containing complex turned out to be photochemically inert, indicating that a too bulky group acts as a protecting function versus decomplexation rather than as a destabilizing group. For the two other systems, a pronounced ring effect was observed: whereas the acyclic systems undergo fast photochemical expulsion of the bipy-based ligand, in the cyclic complex, the bipy-incorporating ring is decoordinated about 5 times less efficiently than the acyclic ligand of the previous case. These observations on the strong dependence of the photochemical behavior of the ruthenium(II) complexes on their structural properties are corroborated by X-ray diffraction studies on the three compounds investigated.Pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene and reduction of styrene via in-situ multiphase pyrolysis of product oil for the production of fuel range Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India. Electronic address: Upgraded fuel oil was produced from the waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) using pyrolysis and in-situ selective aromatization in a specially designed reactor.

The catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS was performed keeping the catalyst in three different types of catalyst arrangements inside the reactor i.e., A-type/catalyst in liquid phase, B-type/catalyst in vapour phase, and AB-type or Multiphase/catalyst in both liquid and vapour phases, respectively. The ZSM-5 ammonium powder was used as a catalyst with varying feed to catalyst ratio and 20:1 was found to be optimum. Aromatics of fuel range like benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (BTE) were significantly increased and styrene got reduced by many folds when AB-type/multiphase catalytic pyrolysis was performed. The thermal pyrolysis produced maximum liquid yield of 947 wt% at a temperature of 650 °C and a heating rate of 15 °C/min. The maximum liquid yield of 885 wt%, 785 wt%, and 751 wt% were obtained for the A-type, B-type, and AB-type catalytic pyrolysis at the temperature of 600 °C, 550 °C and 550 °C, respectively using the same heating rate.

The liquid oil of thermal pyrolysis contains very low amount of fuel range aromatics i.e., BTE of 118 wt% and the highest amount of styrene (844 wt%). In contrarily, BTE content for the catalytic process increased progressively in the order of 188 wt% (A-type) < 247 wt% (B-type) < 282 wt% (AB-type). The styrene content significantly decreased to a very low value of 460 wt% for AB-type/multiphase pyrolysis at the temperature of 550 °C.declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this Quantitative analysis of aromatics for synthetic biology using liquid Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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