Notes

The use of non-natural aromatics is expected to extend the possibilities for multiplexing measurements, where the activity of several proteases can be Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from a landfill site in a major city of India: impact on local air quality
Emissions from landfills are a significant source of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in urban environments. NMVOCs play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, and elevated concentrations of some compounds are responsible for air quality deterioration. This study is based on the measurements of a suite of 20 C2-C8 NMVOCs at 21 upwind and downwind sites of the largest landfill in western India. Ethane, ethylene and aromatics were the dominant compounds; the concentrations of BTEX in the downwind regions were up to three times higher than their concentrations at upwind sites. The emission ratios of BTEX and other NMVOCs were different from those for residential, commercial, and industrial sources characterizing the emissions from burning and decomposition of organic material. The slope of ΔToluene/ΔBenzene of 04 is about three times higher than that determined at the main road junctions of the city.

Ranking by Prop-Equiv, the top NMVOCs were isoprene, cis-2-Butene, m + p-xylenes, propylene, ethylene and trans-2-Butene account for 72-75% of the total Prop-Equiv concentrations. Alkenes played the dominant role in ozone formation, followed by aromatic and alkane groups. In Seebio Photoinitiator to landfill emissions, contributions from traffic-related emissions to ambient concentrations of aromatic VOCs were also significant at some sites. Although the experiment was not designed to characterize the emissions from a specific source, the analysis suggests the substantial contributions from both decomposition and burning of landfill materials. The main difficulty in characterizing VOC emissions from landfills is the spatial and temporal variability of emissions from a large area.Spectroscopic evidence for hyperthermophilic pretreatment intensifying humification during pig manure and rice straw composting.Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, Hyperthermophilic pretreatment composting (HPC) is superior to traditional composting (CK) with shortened maturity period and enhanced humification degree.

However, the chemical and structural evolution of humic substances (HS) at the molecular level is not known. In this study, the impact of hyperthermophilic pretreatment (90 °C, 4 h) on the content and chemical composition of HS during composting were investigated. The HS content of the final compost was 87 g/kg and 76 g/kg in HPC and CK, respectively. Significantly higher humic acid/fulvic acid ratio (17 in HPC v.s. 07 in CK) was observed in HPC. 13C NMR spectroscopic data showed a higher aromatics percentage and earlier enrichment of aromatic structures in HS extracted from HPC than CK.

Intensified humification of HPC was related to the increased levels of HS precursors and degradation of lignocellulose. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that aromatic C, phenolic C and O-alkyl C can be used for evaluation of the humification degree.Raising the Bar in Aromatic Donor-Acceptor Interactions with Cyclic Trinuclear Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany., University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany.Aromatic donor-acceptor interactions are of high importance in supramolecular chemistry, materials science and biology. Compared to other noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, the binding is often weak.

Here Applications of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Cross-Coupling Reactions show that strong donor-acceptor interactions between planar aromatics with binding free energies down to -10 kcal mol-1 and association constants of up to 24 × 107 L mol-1 for 1:1 complexes can be realized using cyclic trinuclear complexes of gold(I) with pyridinate, imidazolate, or carbeniate ligands. Data were obtained through NMR and UV/vis absorption spectroscopic studies and supported by quantum chemical calculations for a variety of acceptors. By using a specifically designed bridged naphthalene diimide-based acceptor with only one binding site, we furthermore show that a 1:2 (donor:acceptor) binding model is best suited to quantify the donor and acceptor/complex equilibrium. Scanning electron microscopy on selected donor-acceptor pairs shows crystalline supramolecular assemblies. We anticipate this study to be relevant for the future design of supramolecular systems and chemical sensors and the determination of binding energies between planar donors and acceptors.Tracing the sources of refractory dissolved organic matter in a large artificial Structural and chemical characteristics of refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) from seven different sources (algae, leaf litter, reed, compost, field soil, paddy water, treated sewage) were examined using multiple analytical tools, and they were compared with those of RDOM in a large artificial lake (Lake Paldang, Korea).
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