Notes

The droplet size decreased as the flow rate of the continuous phase increased and approached a constant value
The method developed in this study can be used to realize microdroplet-based biochemical analysis with simple devices or to construct artificial cells.Dynamic photocontrol of the coffee-ring effect with optically tunable particle 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005, Paris (France) http://www.baigllab.com/; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, F-75005, Paris (France); CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, F-75005, Paris (France).When a colloidal drop dries on a surface, most of the particles accumulate at the drop periphery, yielding a characteristic ring-shaped pattern. This so-called coffee-ring effect (CRE) is observed in any pinned evaporating drop containing non-volatile solutes.

Here, the CRE is dynamically controlled for the first time by using light, and an unprecedented reconfigurability of the deposit profile is demonstrated. This is achieved through a new mechanism where particle stickiness is optically tuned on demand, thus offering reliable modulation of the deposition pattern. The system consists of anionic nanoparticles and photosensitive cationic surfactants dispersed in water. It is shown that light-dependent modulation of surfactant-particle interactions dictates particle attraction and trapping at the liquid-gas interface, which allows us to direct particle deposition into a wide range of patterns from rings to homogeneous disks. 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Medicinal Chemistry from single drops is photoreversible upon changing the wavelength whereas spatial control in multiple drop arrays is achieved using a © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Fuel Aromaticity Promotes Low-Temperature Nucleation Processes of Elemental Carbon from Biomass and Coal Combustion.

(LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. Significant elemental carbon (EC) emissions from low-temperature solid fuel combustion cannot be explained by classical mechanisms ascribing EC to higher-temperature condensation (> 850 °C). The importance of fuel composition in promoting EC nucleation was investigated by studying EC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation at multiple-ignition temperatures (300-900 °C) using fuels with different aromatic contents (i.e., straw, wood, and coal). Biomass and coal combustion at 300 °C can produce substantial EC containing a large amount of soot-EC, a known high-temperature condensation product, possibly because aromatics reduce EC nucleation barriers, corresponding to the increasing ratios of soot-EC to char-EC from straw to coal (12 to 31).

High- to low-molecular-weight PAH ratios in biomass combustion were four times lower than those in coal combustion, resulting in different EC formation atmospheres. Specifically, 31% of PAHs from biomass combustion were indene, compared to only 04% for coal, indicating that resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions dominated EC nucleation in biomass combustion. Five- to six-membered PAH ratios were always higher than one in biomass combustion but increased significantly from 0 to 2 with increasing temperature in coal combustion, indicating that PAHs generated through aromatic decomposition in coal could form EC through van-der-Waals forces and phenyl addition/cyclization-based covalent bonding at low and high temperatures, Potential molecular semiconductor devices: cyclo-C(n) (n = 10 and 14) with higher stabilities and aromaticities than acknowledged cyclo-C(18).State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, The successful synthesis and isolation of cyclo-C18 in experiments is a ground-breaking development in carbon rings. Herein, we studied the thermodynamic stabilities of cyclo-Cn (4 ≤ n ≤ 34) with hybrid density functional theory. When n = 4N + 2 (N is an integer), cyclo-Cn were thermodynamically stable. In particular, cyclo-C10 and cyclo-C14 were more thermodynamically, kinetically, dynamically, and optically stable compared with the acknowledged cyclo-C18, and were potential candidates for zero-dimensional carbon rings.

Cyclo-Cn (n = 10 and 14) show similar molecular semiconductor characteristics to the acknowledged cyclo-C18. Seebio Photosensitizer for Acid Formation were sp hybridized in cyclo-C10, cyclo-C14, and cyclo-C18. Cyclo-C14 and cyclo-C18 had alternating abnormal single and triple bonds, but cyclo-C10 had equal bonds. Cyclo-C10, cyclo-C14, and cyclo-C18 with large aromaticities had out-of-plane and in-plane π systems, which were perpendicular to each other. The number of π electrons in the out-of-plane and in-plane π systems, respectively, followed the standard Hückel aromaticity rule. Simulated UV-vis-NIR spectra indicated similar electronic structures of cyclo-C14 and cyclo-C18.Nano-LED induced chemical reactions for structuring processes.

We present a structuring technique based on the initialization of chemical reactions by an array of nano-LEDs which is used in the near-field as well as in the far-field regime.
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