Notes

Ultrasound and microwave assisted synthesis of isoindolo-1,2-diazine: a A comparative study, ultrasound (US) versus microwave (MW) versus conventional thermal heating (TH), for synthesis of isoindolo-1,2-diazine is described
The reaction pathway is fast, efficient and straight applicable, involving a Huisgen [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of cycloimmonium ylides to 1,4-naphthoquinone. A feasible reaction mechanism for the obtaining of the fully aromatized tetra- and penta- cyclic isoindolo-1,2-diazine is presented. Under US irradiation the yields are much higher (sometimes substantially, by almost double), the reaction time decreases substantially, the reaction conditions are milder. The use of a generator with a higher nominal power induces higher yields and short reaction times. Overall the use of US it proved to be more efficient than MW or TH. Photoacid Generator for US efficiency is presented.

Photo Acid Generator in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture.Belanger A, Lundell L, Eneroth P, Gustafsson JA.The metabolism in vitro of 4 androgens, namely testosterone, androstenedione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 3 alpha-androstanediol has been studied in male and female rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. When testosterone was used as precursor, androstenedione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 3 alpha-androstanediol were the main metabolites whereas androstendione was mainly converted into testosterone, 5 alpha-androstanedione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and androsterone. Studies on the metabolism of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 3 alpha-androstanediol showed that these compounds were easily interconverted and were also significantly metabolized to 5 alpha-androstanedione and androsterone. No aromatized compounds could be detected suggesting that androgen action in the pituitary cell occurs directly via the androgen receptor rather than through prior conversion into estrogens.Long-term response of Dictyota dichotoma var.

intricata (C. Agardh) Greville Department, Branch office 'Villa Dohrn', Punta S. Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, Department, Branch office 'Villa Dohrn', Punta S. Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, The ocean acidification may severely affect macroalgal communities of the shallowest coastal habitats where they play relevant structural and functional roles. In this paper were investigated the physiological traits of two populations of Dictyota dichotoma var. intricata, living at two different pH for several generations to assess the reasons of the algae reduced abundance at current (8) compared to low pH (6). Besides, through transplant experiments, the two populations were analysed for the stress response and reversibility of physiological performance at different pH.

The long-term acclimation to high pCO2/low pH favours an ecotype characterised by low energetic costs, higher photochemical efficiency and more resistance to the oxidative stress, compared to individuals living at current pH. These traits promoted the growth and reproduction of the community living at pH 6, favouring a lower macroalgal diversity, but a higher ecological success under ocean acidification. The similar behaviour observed between Dictyota living at pH 6 and transplanted thalli from pH 6 to 8, suggested a high tolerance to pH changes in the short-term. On the contrary, adaptive responses may have favoured molecular adjustments on the long-term, as showed by the significant differences between the wild populations at pH 8 and 6. The overall data indicate that both plasticity and adaptive mechanisms may be the reasons for the success of the brown seaweeds under future high pCO2/low pH. The plasticity due to photochemistry adjustments is likely involved in the early response to environmental changes. Conversely, modifications in the photosynthetic biochemical machinery suggest that more complex adaptive mechanisms occurred in the current population of Dictyota living at pH 6.

Further studies on population genetics will reveal if any differentiation is taking place at the population level or a local adaptation has already occurred in Dictyota and other brown algae under chronic low pH.Organic disulfide-modified folate carbon dots for tumor-targeted synergistic Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Carbon dots (CDs) have great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy are promising treatments mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have the advantages of being minimally invasive, having no multi-drug resistance, and having no systemic toxic side effects. However, 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (TME) and poor targetability often reduce the therapeutic effect. In this work, we have successfully prepared folate-based carbon dots (FCP-CDs) from folic acid (FA), citric acid (CA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for tumor-targeting. The surface of FCP-CDs was modified using organic disulfide, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (DTPA), and a photosensitizer (PS) pyropheophorbide-a (PPa) to form a tumor synergistic cancer therapy.
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