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Types of Anxiety Disorders
Everyone experiences anxiety and fear at times, but when these feelings are extreme or persistent and disrupt your daily routine, they could be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy or talk therapy and medications are effective treatments.
First, you should consult your physician to rule any physical issues out that might be causing symptoms. A psychiatrist or mental health specialist will be able to diagnose the type of anxiety disorder you suffer from.
Generalized anxiety disorder
Everyone feels anxious now and then, and there can be good reasons to worry about issues like work responsibility, health, or money. When the worry becomes constant and takes over your life, it could be a more severe anxiety disorder referred to as generalized anxiety disorder. People with GAD have fears that affect their whole lives and can be difficult to manage. They are prone to believe that everything is worst, and that small issues can turn into major catastrophes. GAD can be experienced by anyone, and usually begins in adolescence or childhood however, it can also occur at any age. It is twice as common in women and those born female.
GAD can lead to physical discomforts such as headaches or stomachaches. It can cause difficulty to fall asleep. It can also hinder social and work-related activities, causing people to withdraw from family or friends, and contribute to a loss of self-esteem. People with severe and chronic GAD are more likely to be depressed however treatment can help manage both disorders.
The exact cause of anxiety disorders is unknown however, they are related to genes and changes in brain structure, which affect how your body responds to stress. Some experts believe that a lack of neurotransmitters in the brain is involved as well.
GAD is not curable, but it can be controlled by psychotherapy (talk-therapy) and medication. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, includes various methods that help you identify and modify negative thoughts, emotions and behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a kind of talk therapy that can assist you in overcoming your distorted thinking patterns and lessen your anxiety by challenging them. Certain physical symptoms, such as heart palpitations or dizziness can be cured by taking medications. They include antidepressants, benzodiazepines as well as certain medications used to treat seizures, like hydroxyzine.
GAD can be difficult to recognize and is therefore important to get help if you notice worrying and other signs of the disorder. Early treatment is more effective, because it helps you reduce the physical and emotional symptoms before they become a major part of your life.
Panic disorder
The anxiety disorder is characterized by sudden, intense feelings of fear and terror (panic attacks) that peak within minutes. People who have this disorder may also experience chest discomfort, shortness of breath or a feeling that their heart is beating or it is fluttering ("heart palpitations"). They worry that the symptoms they're experiencing are signs of heart attacks. People who have panic disorder are at risk for developing other anxiety disorders, and may be at increased risk of depression or other health problems like hyperthyroidism or asthma.
Researchers believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a combination factors. Some research suggests they may be caused by brain circuits that control emotion and fear. Other studies suggest that genetics and other life experiences, such as traumatizing events in childhood are the most common causes of anxiety disorders. Many people who have an anxiety disorder have a first-degree relative who suffers from the condition.
Anxiety disorders can cause people to feel constantly anxious, even though they know their fears are irrational. This can create difficulties in social situations at work, at home or in school. In addition, some sufferers of anxiety disorders experience difficulty sleeping or eating properly. They may also have tension in their muscles, irritability and trouble concentrating.
A person with generalized anxiety disorder is likely to have numerous worries regarding everyday tasks, such as the demands of their job or family issues. They may also feel restless, easily fatigued or have trouble concentrating. They may also worry about their security or that of others.
The good news is that there are effective treatments for anxiety disorders. The treatments include medicine psychotherapy, psychotherapy, and other complementary health practices. A mental health professional can help determine what disorder is causing your symptoms and suggest the appropriate treatment. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help you cope with anxiety and lessen panic attacks. There are a variety of psychotherapy options available, including cognitive behavior therapy and exposure response prevention. These therapies can be performed individually or in group.
Social anxiety disorder
While many people are anxious or shy in certain situations, a social anxiety disorder causes such intense anxiety, fear, and avoidance of social interactions that it interferes with normal life activities. It typically begins in childhood, but can also appear in early adulthood. It is usually manifested as anxiety about specific social situations, such as speaking in class or going on date, but it may be more generalized and include avoiding any situation that might cause being judged by other people.
Although the person suffering from SAD realizes that their anxiety is irrational, they still are unable to overcome it. They try to manage their symptoms by avoiding the anxiety-provoking situations, but this only increases their anxiety in the long term. They may also adopt "safety behavior" to ease their anxiety. For example, they might drink alcohol, remain silent, or avoid eye contact.
Some people with SAD might benefit from taking medication in addition to psychological treatment. These medications, known as antidepressants, may help to regulate the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Some examples of these medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
It's important that you or someone you love receives treatment if they suffer from social anxiety. If not treated, the condition could be debilitating and cause other mental health issues, such as depression or substance abuse. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, dial 911 or your local crisis line or text TALK to 741741 to speak to a trained crisis counselor.
Only 1 in 4 sufferers of anxiety disorders receive treatment. The main barriers to treatment are ignorance that anxiety disorders are real, low investment in mental health services, and stigma. It's also crucial to ensure that your doctor is aware of the different types of anxiety disorders so that you can be appropriately diagnosed and treated. If you're not sure whether you have an anxiety disorder, ask your doctor to refer you to a mental health professional or use an online screening tool.
Specific phobias
A person with a specific phobia has a persistent and intense fear for one or more objects or situations such as animals, objects, or people. These fears are usually out of proportion with the risk that the object or circumstance presents, but they may cause distress and interfere in daily functioning. Specific phobias are different from other anxiety disorders due to the fact that they involve anxiety about a single stimulus, not multiple stimuli. The feared situation or object can be anything, from heights to dogs or flying, injections to flying and areas that are crowded. The condition is widespread and is more common in women than men, and it tends to start in childhood or adolescence. People who suffer from specific phobias are aware that their fears are not rational, but this knowledge does not diminish the severity of their symptoms.
Children who suffer from specific phobias typically overcome them, but if a anxiety persists in adults it can be very difficult to treat. Doctors diagnose the disorder based on the symptoms reported and their impact on daily function. They rule out other conditions that could have similar symptoms like agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder prior to diagnosing a fear. In earlier editions of DSM adult patients were required to acknowledge their irrational fears as part of the diagnostic process. However the 2013 edition states that this requirement is no longer needed for adults.
There are two kinds of treatment for particular phobias: cognitive therapy and exposure therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on altering the way people respond to their fears and helps them develop healthier strategies for coping. Exposure-based therapy involves gradual and systematic exposure of the subject or event that you are afraid of. The patient might begin by thinking about the object, or situation. They may then go on to seeing pictures of it, stepping into an elevator, holding toys, going to the zoo, and looking at real snakes, and then riding a crowded lift. Although this kind of therapy does not alleviate phobias however it can greatly decrease the severity of the symptoms.
disorders anxiety for specific fears include medications like antidepressants, anti-anxiety psychotherapy and other drugs. People with specific phobias that take these treatments often report improved outcomes.
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