Notes

In addition, it was tested whether differential scanning calorimetry would reveal a glass transition in the soils/sediments
In spite of the sensitivity of the equipment used (changes in heat flow in the micro-Watt range were measurable), a glass transition was not observed. This means that activation enthalpies of slow desorption can be calculated from desorption measurements at various temperatures. In the present study these values ranged from 60 to 100 kJ/mol among the various soils and Kekulé versus Lewis: when aromaticity prevents electron pairing and imposes Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex (France). Chemistry. 2015 Dec 1;21(49):17540.Some conjugated alternant hydrocarbons, of singlet ground state according to Ovchinnikov's rule, may exhibit strong polyradical character, despite admitting complete pairing of electrons in bond orbitals between adjacent atoms.

Typical organizations of this kind are encountered in polycyclic frames supporting two or more extracyclic methylene groups. Lewis bond pairing would require quinonization of six-membered rings, whereas safeguarding aromaticity proves sufficient to impose ground-state open-shell character, that is, the existence of unpaired electrons, providing the number of benzene rings to be quinonized is larger than two. Several examples built as variations around para-polyphenylene frames are examined through unrestricted DFT (UDFT) calculations, using various methods for spin decontamination of wavefunctions, geometries, and singlet-triplet energy gaps. They all illustrate how it is possible to conceive architectures that can be written with a closed-shell bond pairing, although they exhibit a large number of unpaired electrons. The same analyses also apply to systems in which quinonization would not kill but only reduce the number of © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.

Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):857-8.DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions that are generated by ionizing radiation and various DNA-damaging chemicals. Following DSB formation, cells activate the DNA-damage response (DDR) protein kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK (also known as PRKDC). These then trigger histone H2AX (also known as H2AFX) phosphorylation and the accumulation of proteins such as MDC1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1), BRCA1, CtIP (also known as RBBP8), RNF8 and RNF168/RIDDLIN into ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) that amplify DSB signalling and promote DSB repair. Attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins controls diverse cellular functions. Here, we show that SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells, with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 accrual requiring the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1.

We also establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are recruited to damage sites via mechanisms requiring their SAP domains, and are needed for the productive association of 53BP1, BRCA1 and RNF168 with such regions. Furthermore, we show that PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote DSB repair and confer ionizing radiation resistance. Finally, Applications of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Cross-Coupling Reactions establish that PIAS1 and PIAS4 are required for effective ubiquitin-adduct formation mediated by RNF8, RNF168 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. These findings thus identify PIAS1 and PIAS4 as components of the DDR and reveal how protein recruitment to DSB sites is controlled by coordinated Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Photolithographic Fabrication Using a Photomask Printed with 3D This article describes a simple and inexpensive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in water samples. The μPADs were fabricated on paper by photolithography using a photomask printed with a 3D printer and functionalized with reagents for a colorimetric assay. In the μPAD, CrVI reacts with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to form a violet-colored complex. Images of μPADs were captured with a digital camera; then the red, green, and blue color intensity of each detection zone were measured using images processing software.

The green intensity analysis was the best sensitive among the RGB color. A linear working range (40 - 400 ppm; R2 = 081) between the CrVI and green intensity was obtained with a detection limit of 30 ppm. All of the recoveries were between 94 and 109% in recovery studies on water samples, and good results were obtained.Fabrication of Flexible Transparent Electrode with Enhanced Conductivity from Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) are essential components for numerous optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have fabricated the hierarchical metal grids (HMG) FTCEs by a facile and low-cost, near-field photolithography strategy. Compared to normal metal grids (MG), the HMG structure can provide distinctly increased conductivity of the electrode yet without obvious reduction of the optical transmittance.
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