Notes

In the months before his death, President Kennedy had been pursuing initiatives such as
programs that would attack poverty, grow the economy, and promote civil rights.
What did the Warren Commission conclude about the assassination of President Kennedy?
That both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby acted alone.
President Lyndon Baines Johnson brought to the White House
enormous skill in persuading and threatening legislators to get his way
What made the Community Action Program the most controversial part of the War on Poverty programs?
It required the maximum feasible participation of the poor it proposed to help.
In the election of 1964,
Lyndon Baines Johnson was elected to the presidency in a record-breaking landslide
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 mandated that funds for education be distributed
based on the number of poor children enrolled in each district.
The Medicare program provided
universal compulsory insurance for the elderly.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 changed U.S. immigration policy by
abolishing the national-origins quota system.
In 1965, President Johnson became the first president to send Congress a special message concerning what
the condition of the environment.
What was the outcome of the National Housing Act of 1968?
The decision to keep construction and ownership of low-income housing in the private sector
What was the end result of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty?
There was not any significant redistribution of total national income.
Following the enactment of the Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States,
physicians' fees and hospital costs escalated dramatically.
The Warren Court expanded the Constitution's promise of equality and individual rights by
supporting an activist government.
In its 1963 decision in Baker v. Carr, the Supreme Court established the
principle of one person, one vote for state and national legislatures.
All in all, major decisions from the Warren Court
have withstood the test of time.
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
initially organized peaceful demonstrations using civil disobedience.
The Congress of Racial Equality organized the Freedom Rides in 1961 to
integrate interstate transportation in the South.
The civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963
ended with the police attacking the peaceful demonstrators.
At a massive civil rights demonstration in the nation's capital in August 1963,
Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a dream" speech.
The Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964
put northern college students to work helping blacks register to vote.
How did President Kennedy respond to James H. Meredith's attempt to enroll at the University of Mississippi?
He dispatched federal troops to protect Meredith and allow his enrollment.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was
a ban on discrimination, including gender discrimination, in employment.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 transformed southern politics by doing what?
authorizing the use of federal agents to enforce African Americans' right to register to vote.
Why did President Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action program provoke more controversy than any other civil rights measures?
Critics argued that it promoted reverse discrimination.


The Civil Rights Act of 1968 addressed racial equality
It banned discrimination in housing and jury selection.


By 1966, the civil rights movement in the United States
was no longer committed to nonviolence.


Which of the following describes the Nation of Islam in the United States in the early 1960s?
called for black nationalism and separatism.


By 1966, the principles espoused by Malcolm X had given rise to
the black power movement.


As the radical chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Stokely Carmichael
called for blacks to form their own political organizations


When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, he was
supporting a municipal garbage workers' strike in Memphis


What 1969 event became the most dramatic action taken by militant Indians in the United States?
Local Indian activists' seized and occupied Alcatraz Island for 19 months


One important goal of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s was
the establishment of survival schools to teach Indian history and values.


Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized the Chicanos primarily to achieve
improved conditions of migrant farmworkers in California.


Like black nationalist organizations, La Raza Unida
made cultural pride and brotherhood a central part of its agenda.


In the 1960s, the members of Students for a Democratic Society
wanted to mobilize a New Left around the goals of civil rights, peace, and universal economic security.


In 1964, students at the University of California, Berkeley, held a large-scale protest in support of
free speech.


Drawing on the example of the Beats, the counterculture of the 1960s
focused on personal rather than political change.


What was the event that sparked a larger movement to end discrimination against gay men and lesbians in 1969?
A police raid at the Stonewall Inn in New York City


What factor helped to spark the new wave of feminism in the late 1960s and early 1970s?
An escalating number of women performing paid jobs in the workplace


In 1966, feminists led by Betty Friedan and others founded
the National Organization for Women


The radical feminist movement differed from the National Organization for Women and other mainstream feminist organizations in that
sought fundamental changes in the nation's institutions.


Why were women of color critical of white women's feminist organizations?
White feminists ignored the poverty faced by many minority women.


Phyllis Schlafly is most closely associated with
the conservative challenge to feminism in the 1970s.


Which of the following is an example of the sweeping change forged by feminists in the 1960s and 1970s?
Passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972


During the Nixon administration, the number of government assistance programs
actually grew


Stagflation describes an economy that combines
unemployment with inflation.


The new environmentalists of the 1970s broadened the agenda of the Progressive-era conservation movement by
shifting attention away from land preservation towards the preservation of threatened species.


Out of all protest groups, President Nixon gave the most public support for justice to
Native Americans.