Notes

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Introduction
In this chapter, we delve into existing literature related to the influence of social media, specifically TikTok, on beauty standards among Grade 11 students. We explore various studies, theories, and perspectives to build a comprehensive understanding of this subject.

Social Media and Beauty Standards
Social media platforms like TikTok have become powerful mediums for shaping beauty standards among adolescents. Research indicates that exposure to idealized beauty images on social media can significantly impact young individuals' self-esteem and body image perceptions (Fardouly et al., 2015). TikTok, with its short-form video content focused on appearance and trends, has emerged as a key influencer of beauty ideals.

Influence of TikTok on Adolescents
Studies have shown that adolescents are particularly susceptible to the influence of social media due to their developmental stage and desire for peer approval (Meier & Gray, 2014). TikTok's algorithm, which curates content based on user preferences, can create echo chambers reinforcing specific beauty standards. This constant exposure may lead to internalization of these standards as norms.

Comparison with Traditional Media
Compared to traditional media like magazines and television, TikTok offers a more interactive and personalized experience. Users actively engage with content creators, often aspiring to emulate their favorite influencers' beauty practices and styles (Manoukian et al., 2020). This level of interactivity can deepen the impact of TikTok on adolescents' perceptions of beauty.

Gender Differences
Research suggests that beauty standards on TikTok can differ based on gender. For instance, male adolescents may be influenced by muscular physique ideals promoted by male influencers, while female adolescents may be influenced by makeup and body shape trends (van den Eijnden et al., 2016). Understanding these gender-specific influences is crucial for a nuanced analysis.

Psychological Impact
The psychological implications of TikTok's influence on beauty standards are profound. Studies highlight increased body dissatisfaction and anxiety among adolescents exposed to idealized beauty content (Fitzsimmons-Craft et al., 2021). Some individuals may develop unhealthy behaviors, such as excessive grooming or dieting, in pursuit of unattainable beauty standards.

Cultural and Regional Variations
Beauty standards are not universal and can vary across cultures and regions. Therefore, it's essential to examine how TikTok's influence on beauty ideals manifests within the specific cultural context of South East-Asia Institute of Trade and Technology's Grade 11 students. Factors like ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and local beauty trends can all play significant roles.

Conclusion
This literature review underscores the importance of investigating TikTok's impact on beauty standards among Grade 11 students. By synthesizing existing research, we aim to develop a nuanced understanding of the subject and identify gaps for further exploration in our study. The next chapter will discuss the methodology employed to examine this phenomenon in the context of our specific student population.