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**1. 最大幸福原则：**功利论认为，行为的价值应当根据其能够产生的幸福程度来衡量。它强调追求整体社会或个体的最大幸福，将幸福视为最高的道德目标。
**2. 量化幸福：**在功利论中，幸福被视为一种可以量化的实体，可以通过比较不同行为对幸福的影响来确定哪种行为更具道德价值。
**3. 公平与正义：**尽管功利主义强调追求最大幸福，但它也关注公平和正义。在功利论中，公平被视为实现最大幸福的手段之一，而正义则被理解为符合最大幸福原则的行为。
**4. 原则灵活性：**功利论主张，行为的正确性取决于其对幸福产生的影响，因此它具有一定的灵活性。在不同情境下，可能会有不同的行为选择才能实现最大幸福。
**5. 个人自由与自我实现：**功利论认为，个人的自由和自我实现是重要的价值。它主张个体应该有权追求自己的幸福，只要这不会对他人的幸福造成不良影响。
总的来说，功利论强调以最大幸福为指导，追求整体社会或个体的最大幸福，并认为幸福是衡量行为正确性的标准。然而，它也面临着一些批评，如对幸福的定义和量化存在困难，以及在权利和义务之间的平衡问题等。
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