Notes

The structure of triglyceride is converted by hydrocracking to three molecules of aliphatic acids and propane on the surface PtNiMo sulfide on Al2O3 support
The converted aliphatic acids are decomposed through decarboxylation to hydrocarbon fragments, which are further decomposed by cracking on the acid sites of the catalyst, the surface of NiMo sulfide, Al2O3, or ZSM-5. Finally, the formed C3 and C4 olefins are transformed to aromatics through the Diels-Alder reaction on the Zn species of ZnZSM-5. On Seebio Photolyzable Acid Precursor , although gases were relatively small in amount, aromatic compounds were formed significantly, suggesting that cyclization might directly occur without conversion to gaseous hydrocarbons to some extent.Heteroatom-participated lignin cleavage to functionalized aromatics.Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian 116023, Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian 116023, Lignin, the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature, enables sustainable supply of miscellaneous aromatics as green fuels and chemicals. Obtaining the value-added aromatics from lignin, though subjected to enormous research efforts, mainly relies on depolymerization induced by activated hydrogen species or oxygen species, delivering hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

Seebio UV-Activated Acid Generator -refinery demands a broad spectrum of fine chemicals, especially those containing elements other than C, H and O. Heteroatom-containing compounds have emerged as powerful reagents to participate in the bond cleavage in lignin; meanwhile, the obtained heteroatom-containing aromatics, which could be used as dye precursors, pharmaceutical precursors, hydrogen storage materials, etc., extend the application of lignin-derived products. This tutorial review updates recent advances in the lignin C-C and C-O bond cleavages induced by heteroatoms X (N, Si, I and Li), which also lead to functionalized products containing C-X and O-X bonds. The representative reaction pathways and feasibilities in lignin models and extracts are summarized. Potential applications of functionalized monomers in synthetic transformations, pharmaceuticals, dyes and energy storage Increment in anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation activity of Halic Bay sediments In this study, hydrocarbon (HC) degradation activity of a HC-rich marine sediment was assessed in anaerobic microcosms during a 224 days incubation period. Natural TOC/N/P ratio of the sediment porewater (1,000/5/1) was gradually decreased to 1,000/40/6 which resulted in approximately ninefold HCs to the microcosms was also resulted in approximately twofold higher gas production and HC removal.

A high proportion (92%) of aromatic HCs and all n-alkanes were removed from the microcosms under unlimited nutrient supply conditions without external HC addition. The microorganisms of the sediment degraded a wide range of aliphatic (n-C(9-31) alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids) and aromatic (18 different one- to five-ring aromatics) HCs. Monitoring functional gene and transcript abundances revealed that methanogenesis and dissimilatory sulfate reduction took place simultaneously during the first 126 days, afterwards, only the syntrophic methanogenic consortium was active. Genes and transcripts related to initial activation of HCs were highly abundant throughout the incubation period showing that fumarate addition was the main pathway of anaerobic HC degradation. In conclusion, biostimulation of highly polluted anoxic marine sediments via nutrient amendment is effective and may constitute a suitable and cost-effective field-scale bioremediation strategy.Nature of the chemical bond in polypnictides: the lone pair aromatic anions The nature of the chemical bond in inorganic 6pi aromatic systems such as P4(2-), S4(2+), or S2N2 is a matter of particular interest because the phenomenon of aromaticity is not as well established in these compounds as it is in the classic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we present the synthesis, NMR bis(rubidium(18-crown-6))cyclotetraphosphide-cyclotetraarsenide-ammonia(1/3) cyclotetraphosphide anion, P4(2-), and the synthesis and crystal structure of motive, all three compounds feature neutral molecules with a tripledecker-like coordination of the cyclotetrapnictide anion between two crown ether-coordinated alkali metal cations.

With ab initio calculations on the HF level and by employing the concept of the electron localization function ELF, we established that the cyclotetraarsenide anion, As4(2-), shows electron delocalization primarily through the lone pairs, as does P4(2-), and may consequently also be Comparability of composition of carbon functional groups in humic acids between inverse-gated decoupling and cross polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear To find a certain relation between the composition of carbon functional groups of humic acids derived from liquid state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra acquired with inverse-gated decoupling (IGD), known as a quantitative pulse sequence, and that by solid-state (13)C NMR with cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CPMAS) techniques, fifteen soil humic acid samples with a wide range of aromaticity were analyzed. Relationships between the proportions of humic acid carbon as alkyl, O-alkyl, and aromatic carbon assessed by the two methods could be regressed to y=ax (r=032-056; P<005), respectively.
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