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What Are the Current (Evidence-Based) Opportunities for the Clinical Management of COVID-19?
Background of COVID-19?
COVID-19, or SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is a extremely contagious virus with the potential to quickly invade the human physiological system. The WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 as a PHEIC (public well being emergency of international concern) on third January 2020 in compliance with IHR (International Health Regulations) (Cascella, Rajnik, Cuomo, Dulebohn, & Napoli, 2020)
When It Began
twenty sixth February 2020 was the day when the first COVID-19 infection primarily based on location transmission was tracked by the United States of America. The virus was initially acknowledged as 2019-nCoV; however, it was later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 by ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses).

What It Does
The virus primarily invades the human respiratory system and is reportedly found in numerous animal species. Clinicians acknowledge SARS-CoV-2 based mostly on its relationship with +ssRNA (single-stranded RNA viruses) household. clinical studies Brandon fl has reportedly the potential to invade from animals to people in a manner to cause respiratory system problems. The virus is known to trigger clinical complications just like SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) (Cascella et al., 2020). However, the frequent chilly is probably the most commonly reported complication of the virus in in any other case healthy individuals. clinical trials tampa fl is out there so far concerning the origin of SARS-CoV-2; however, its animal origin is at giant presumed and hypothesized by the scientific neighborhood. SARS-CoV-2 continues to extend critical public health danger while its local transmission has led to the global lockdown, thereby causing health and socioeconomic deterioration of lots to an unprecedented degree.

Outlook of the Disease
WHO had alarmed the worldwide group relating to the extreme well being risk from the virus on 28th February 2020 (Cascella et al., 2020). COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO in March 2020 for the explanation that infection impacted more than 114 nations (outside China). WHO state of affairs reports proceed to show and emphasize the disastrous impact of COVID-19 transmission on the entire humanity. The persistently growing variety of infectious instances and dying toll beneath the impact of COVID-19 transmission has pressured the entire world to unanimously mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic whereas configuring preventive and prophylactic interventions to problem and contain local transmission of the virus throughout the human populations (Cascella et al., 2020).

Clinicians and scientists stand clueless regarding the peak-time of the pandemic along with its length, mode of evolution and human-virus interplay paradigm. The shock wave arising from the COVID-19 pandemic has not solely challenged the global well being care methods but also forced the well being care professionals to revisit each level of their disaster administration systems.
Etiology of COVID-19
The electron microscopy has revealed the crown-like construction of the positive-stranded RNA virus (i.e. COVID-19) (Cascella et al., 2020). The crown-like look of this virus is predicated on its spike glycoproteins. This is why the scientists initially called it ‘coronam’. The classification of COVID-19 is talked about beneath.

Family: Coronaviridae
Subfamily: Orthocoronavirinae
Order: Nidovirales
Coronaviruses have the potential to cause a variety of neurological, hepatic, enteric, and respiratory disease situations (Cascella et al., 2020). They can also infect bats, cats, cattle, and camels. Indeed, seven forms of coronaviruses could cause critical medical complications inside their human hosts. Clinicians and researchers presume 2% healthy carriers of coronaviruses.

Furthermore, these viruses predominantly lead to acute respiratory infections or self-limiting acute respiratory complications in people with a robust immune system. They are recognized to trigger lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised individuals (Cascella et al., 2020). SARS-COV-2 is known to cause extra-respiratory and respiratory problems in individuals of all age teams. The mortality rates reportedly vary between 10% to 35% regardless of age.


SARS-CoV-2 displays pleomorphism and associated with the class of beta-CoVs. The elliptical or spherical structure of this virus has the potential to change its form to an unpredictable extent (Cascella et al., 2020). The 60-140nm diameter of this virus is particular to its sophisticated construction. The evidence-based research literature reveals the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to warmth and ultraviolet radiation. However, medical literature doesn't unequivocally affirm the potential of UV light to deactivate the structure and function of the virus.

Coronaviruses also exhibit sensitivity to chloroform, peroxyacetic acid, chlorine-based disinfectants, ethanol, 75% ether, and different lipid solvents. The genetic configuration of SARS-CoV-2 reveals 82%-89% similarity with human SARS-CoV and SARS-like CoVZXC21 (Cascella et al., 2020). The genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 relies on 9860 amino acids and 29891 nucleotides organized in a single-stranded RNA. Scientists presume the mutation capability of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of producing an intermediary virulent strain of the pathogen in the human population.

Does SARS-CoV-2 Remain Structurally and Functionally Stable Under Variable Environmental Conditions?
SARS-CoV-2 strikingly survives on easy structures for an extended length (Chin et al., 2020). The scientists do not rule out the potential for the survival of SARS-Cov-2 on surgical masks for a length of seven days or more. The non-infectious pressure of this virus could presumably be retrieved from otherwise healthy individuals who are discovered to be SARS-CoV-2 positive via RT-PCR analysis. The structural stability pattern of SARS-CoV-2 on clean surfaces continues to be not utterly recognized to the researchers. However, this could in all probability be the outcome of 12-point mutations and the conservative nature of SARS-CoV-2. Several mutations in the virus modify its receptor-binding properties while changing the construction and performance of its hydrogen bonds (Tahirul-Qamar, Alqahtani, Alamri, & Chen, 2020).



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