Notes

Russo-Japanese War was a war between Russia and Japan in 1904 over the annexation of Korea. Japan won, and it was the first time that a non-Western power was able to beat a Western one.
Japan was able to do this because of modernization during the Meiji Restoration.
Sino-Japanese War (2) Years- 1894-1937
Between Japan and China over the annexation of Manchuria.
Benito Mussolini-
Father of Fascism
Rose to power in the 1920s.
Marched on Rome.
Pookie Ookie besties with Hitler.
Fascism: Extreme nationalism, all people who are different from you or your country should die.
Hitler used these ideas to become Fuhrer.
Russian Revolution (1917)-
Face of the Revolution: Vladimir Lenin.
Was communist
Father of communism: Karl Marx.
Political Party: Bolsheviks
Slogan: Bread, Peace, Land
Bread meant an end to starvation. People in Russia during WWI had no bread because food was sent to soldiers.
Peace meant Russia exiting WWI.
Land meant peasants had land.
Communism: the government owns everything.
Communism is a result of the Industrial Revolution.
Stalin used communism to take advantage of the citizens.
Stalin was in power from 1922 to the 1950s.
Lenin died in 1924.
Stalin was known for his 5 year plans.
The first phase was industrialization.
The second phase of the five year plans was collectivization.
All lands were government owned but farmers still worked on them.
If you did not pay your quotas, you would be sent to the gulags or forced to succumb to starvation.
As a result of this, the Holodomor Famine of Ukraine occurred.
13% of the population died.
The Great Purge also happened because of this.
Stalin eliminated opposition and dissenters, as well as threats to his power during the purges.
WWI-
1914-1919
Fighting stopped in 1917, but the Treaty of Versailles officially ended the war.
Treaty of Versailles:
Restricted Germany to a military 100,000 men.
Germany could not occupy the Rhineland and was blamed for causing the war.
Germany was forced to pay war reparations
Germany’s colonies overseas were taken away and they lost a large amount of land.
This was made even worse with the Great Depression (1929-1939)
WW2 (1939-1945) ended the Great Depression.
WW2 started with the invasion of Poland by Germany.
The League of Nations was created as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.
The point of the League of Nations to secure peace, but it failed because of WW2.
This happened because they did not have an army or peacekeeping force.
They did not have the United Nations, which was created by a United States President.
Other nations were also excluded.
It had no money.
They did not include all nations/countries.
The Treaty of Versailles also led to the Mandate System.
Mandate System: Led to European countries taking control of the Middle East (ruins of Ottoman Empire).
Kemal Ataturk:
Westernized Turkey.
Believed in secularism (the division of church and state).
Informal Imperialism: Spheres of Influence, have only some influence and have complete control over the government, controls only economics.
Formal Imperialism: Fully controls the government.
1911 Revolution-
China becomes a republic, and is no longer a dynasty.
Conflict Nationalists and Socialists.
Tongmen Hui (Leader: Sun Yat-sen) escaped to Taiwan, which still has problems with China.
Appeasement: strategy (ineffective) that gave the aggressor what they wanted to prevent war.
Pearl Harbor-
Japan decides to bomb the US military base in Hawaii (Pearl Harbor) in 1941, leading the US to join the war.
In August of 1945, the US bombed Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the first and only use of the atomic bomb.
Communism: the prohibition of private property, everybody owns everything collectively, everybody is equal.(In theory)
In practice, the government is the one who actually owns and controls everything.
Capitalism: People are able to own private property.
For a capitalist society to survive, you need trade.
Democracy: You get to vote, you have freedom of speech, freedom of office, able to move around. Freedom, basically.
Dictatorship: Censorship, unable to vote, unable to move, unable to dissent. If you do these things, you will be executed. Not free.
Holocaust: The mass execution of those who were deemed deviant from the Aryan race.
Genocide:
Mass killing of a specific minority or a religious, ethnical, and racial group.
Nuremberg Laws: Laws created by Nazi Germany and Hitler to take away Jewish power, citizenship, jobs, and humanity. They had to have a name that marked them as a Jew, for women Sarah, for Men Israel.
Three crimes that were named after the Holocaust:
Crimes against peace
Crimes against humanity.
War crimes.
Nazi leaders were declared not guilty because they were charged ex post facto.