Notes

in accordance to Chapman, Bareham, and Maziak (2019) The argument is that the overall effect of e-cigarettes on adolescent smoking would be greater than the impact of all other current strategies and factors that aim to reduce smoking among young people. These include measures like tobacco taxes, anti-smoking campaigns, and health warnings. The recent spread of e-cigarette use has spurred not only enthusiasm about their harm reduction and smoking cessation potential but also concerns about possible risks from long-term use, and stalled cessation through dual use.1 Another main concern is that e-cigarette use is increasing among tobacco-naive youth2 than among only adult smokers who are using them for cessation and expectation of risk reduction.1 With youth smoking at all-time lows in several nations with advanced tobacco control programs,3–5 there are therefore concerns that e-cigarettes may stall or reverse these declines as youth who were likely to never use any form of nicotine become familiar with it, and start experimenting with other forms of nicotine delivery.