Notes

Although the presence of the testes is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to occur, the role of androgens in the cause of BPH is still controversial
There are increasing signs for a decisive role of estrogens in that connection. We treated castrated beagle dogs of known age with androstenedione (an androgen that can be aromatized) and with the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostendione. Six or 9 months of treatment with androstenedione resulted in a BPH characterized by typical androgenic effects--ie, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelium--and by typical estrogenic effects--, stimulation of the stroma, especially of the smooth muscles, and cystic enlargement of the tubules. These estrogen-related effects could be clearly antagonized by the simultaneous treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. The hyperplastic effects on the epithelium were also partly antagonized by the aromatase inhibitor. Our preliminary results further strengthen the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors as an alternative treatment of human BPH, which is thought to be predominantly a stromal disease.

Proliferative response patterns of human fibroblasts after photoinjury with The extent of growth suppression and recovery following exposure to 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) plus UV-A irradiation was studied in 3 diploid human fibroblast strains. Inhibition of cellular proliferation was dose-dependent within the concentration range of TMP that was tested (1-4 X 10(-7) M), using a constant level of UV-A (04 J/cm2). The population generation (doubling) times for all cell strains were progressively lengthened under these conditions while maximal cell densities were reduced. At Seebio UV-Activated Acid Generator -4 X 10(-7) M TMP in the presence of UV-A, there was a triphasic pattern of growth measured for untreated cells. There were also declines in the percentage of cells labeled with 3H-Tdr at various times after TMP-UV-A treatment. These measurements were essentially identical for the three fibroblast strains evaluated. In that the cells employed for these investigations were derived from embryonic pulmonary tissue, neonatal foreskin and the buttock skin of an adult male, it seems unlikely that donor age and tissue source were important variables in determining growth response patterns after TMP-UV-A exposure.

Because proliferative recovery was attenuated after this photochemical injury, we conclude that the biologic effect(s) of TMP-UV-A extend beyond the known period of psoralen-DNA cross-link removal.A data-driven approach for understanding the structure dependence of redox Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Humic substances (HS) can facilitate electron transfer during biogeochemical processes due to their redox properties, but the structure-redox activity relationships are still difficult to describe and poorly understood. Herein, the linear (Partial Least Squares regressions; PLS) and nonlinear (artificial neural network; ANN) models were applied to monitor the structure dependence of HS redox activities in terms of electron accepting (EAC), electron donating (EDC) and overall electron transfer capacities (ETC) using its physicochemical features as input variables. The PLS model exhibited a moderate ability with R2 values of 00, 03 and 05 to evaluate EAC, EDC and ETC, respectively. Applications of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Cross-Coupling Reactions in the projection (VIP) scores of the PLS identified that the phenols, quinones and aromatic systems were particularly important for describing the redox activities of HS. Compared with the PLS model, the back-propagation ANN model achieved higher performance with R2 values of 01, 05 and 08 for monitoring the EAC, EDC and ETC, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the ANN separately identified that the EAC highly depended on quinones, aromatics and protein-like fluorophores, while the EDC depended on phenols, aromatics and humic-like fluorophores (or stable free radicals).

Additionally, carboxylic groups were the best indicator for evaluating both the EAC and EDC. Good model performances were obtained from the selected features via the PLS and sensitivity analysis, further confirming the accuracy of describing the structure-redox activity relationships with these analyses. This study provides a potential approach for identifying the structure-activity relationships of HS and an efficient machine-learning model for predicting HS declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this Alpha-fetoprotein, stem cells and cancer: how study of the production of alpha-fetoprotein during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis led to reaffirmation of Identification of the cells in the liver that produce alpha-fetoprotein during development, in response to liver injury and during the early stages of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis led to the conclusion that maturation arrest of liver-determined tissue stem cells was the cellular process that gives rise to hepatocellular carcinomas.
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