Notes

Burkholderia Burkholderia Bioterrorism Agents
They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2.

We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor'-Fucosyllactose Is Well Tolerated in a 0% Whey, Partially Hydrolyzed Infant Formula With Bifidobacterium lactis A Randomized Controlled Trial.Storm HM(1), Shepard J(2), Czerkies LM(1), Kineman B(1), Cohen SS(3), Reichert Human milk oligosaccharides are important components of breast milk. We evaluated feeding tolerance of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis strain Bb12 (B lactis; Test) as compared with the same formula without 2'FL (Control) in a randomized controlled trial of healthy infants enrolled at 2 weeks of age (±5 days). After 6 weeks of feeding the assigned formula, the primary outcome of tolerance was assessed using the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire. Stooling, vomiting, spit-up, crying, and fussing were compared between groups.

Seventy-nine infants were enrolled and 63 completed the study per protocol ( Test, 33 Control). 2'-FL were similar between groups (Test ± 4, Control ± 4, P = 2). Partially hydrolyzed infant formula with 2'FL and B lactis is tolerated well, as confirmed by a validated Conflict of interest statement Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, andor publication of this article HMS, LMC, BK, and RC are employees of Nestlé Nutrition, the sponsor of this study. JS, SSC, and HR are paid consultants for Nestlé Nutrition.Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharide drugs a review.Solid- phase synthesis is an approach, where synthetic transformation in carbohydrates are carried out with one of the reactant molecule attached to an insoluble material referred as polymeric support via linker. In recent years, it has been extensively accepted as fast and accurate method for the synthesis of biologically active oligosaccharides.

This review attempts to focus on various methods of oligosaccharide synthesis by solid- phase including their A murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research.van de Weerd R(1), Berbís MA, Sparrius M, Maaskant JJ, Boot M, Paauw NJ, de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a major pathogen responsible for 1 million deaths annually. This bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. Although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. Here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) directed against glycogen cross-reacts with mycobacterial α-glucans, polymers of α(1-4)-linked glucose residues with α(1-6)-branch points. We identified the Mab epitope specificity by saturation transfer difference NMR and show that the α(1-4)-linked glucose residues are important in glucan-Mab interaction. The minimal epitope is formed by (linear) maltotriose.

Notably, a Mycobacterium mutant lacking the branching enzyme GlgB does not react with the Mab; this suggests that the α(1-6)-branches form part of the epitope. These seemingly conflicting data can be explained by the fact that in the mutant the linear form of the α-glucan (amylose) is insoluble. This Mab was subsequently used to develop several techniques helpful in capsular α-glucan research. By using 2'-Fucose lactose glucan-screening methodology based on this Mab we were able to identify several unknown genes involved in capsular α-glucan biogenesis.
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