Notes

The principle of selective elution from a solid phase has been exploited to develop an assay for the determination of squalene biosynthesis in rat liver homogenates
Using either [1-14C]isopentenyl diphosphate as a precursor for squalene or [2-14C]farnesyl diphosphate as a direct substrate of squalene synthase, the production of radiolabeled squalene is determined after adsorption of assay mixtures onto silica gel thin-layer chromatography sheets and selective elution of the diphosphate precursors into a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate at alkaline pH. The use of [2-14C]farnesyl diphosphate, and of an endogenous oxygen consumption system (ascorbate/ascorbate oxidase) to prevent further metabolism of squalene, allows the method to be applied as a dedicated assay for squalene synthase activity. The assay has been developed in microtiter plate format and may be deployed either in a quantitative, low-throughout mode or in a qualitative, high-through-put mode. The latter is suitable for screening to aid in the discovery of new inhibitors of squalene synthase.Hydrocarbons of dogfish and cod livers and herring oil.Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: their current status and modes of action.

The mechanism of each of the reactions in the post-squalene segment of the fungal and higher plant sterol biosynthetic pathway is outlined. The inhibitors of the enzymes catalyzing the reactions are described and how inhibition is brought about is explained in the areas where it is known.Does ergothioneine and thawing temperatures improve rooster semen post-thawed The present study focuses on the effect of different levels of ergothioneine and thawing temperature on rooster semen cryopreservation. Semen was diluted in Lake extender containing ergothioneine at 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM and cryopreserved. Two thawing temperatures (37°C for 30 s and 60°C for 5 s) were consequently examined. l-ergothioneine mushrooms , membrane integrity, abnormal morphology, viability, apoptotic status, mitochondria activity, and lipid peroxidation were determined after freeze-thaw process. Ergothioneine levels of 5 and 10 µM led to higher (P < 05) total motility (668 ± 14 and 721±14, respectively) and average path velocity (VAP) (344 ± 09, 378 ± 09, respectively).

Higher (P < 05) significant membrane integrity and mitochondria activity after freeze-thawing were observed in the groups supplemented with 10 µM ergothioneine (682 ± 14 and 692 ± 16, respectively). Also, 5 and 10 µM of ergothioneine led to the lowest significant percentage of apoptotic and dead sperm. The total motility and progressive motility resulted in significantly (P < 05) higher amount when sperm were thawed with 60°C (608 ± 01 and 246 ± 03, respectively) compared to thawed sperm in 37°C. The membrane integrity, viability and mitochondria activity led to significantly (P < 05) higher when sperm were thawed with 60°C (58 ± 08, 631 ± 00 and 565 ± 09, respectively). It could be concluded the addition of 5 and 10 µM ergothioneine in the semen extender and thawing temperature at 60˚C in 5 s can be an efficient strategy to preserve rooster cryopreserved semen quality.Conflict of interest statement: DISCLOSURES The authors declare no conflicts of Mechanism of squalene biosynthesis: evidence against the involvement of free Several mechanisms that utilize farnesyl pyrophosphate and nerolidyl pyrophosphate as condensing substrates have been postulated for the asymmetric condensation reaction in squalene biosynthesis. Although there is ample evidence that farnesyl pyrophosphate is a substrate for this reaction, there has been no information concerning the role of nerolidyl pyrophosphate.

We have made the following observations that demonstrate that nerolidyl pyrophosphate cannot be a free intermediate in squalene biosynthesis. (a) There is no significant interconversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate and nerolidyl pyrophosphate in a is not converted to squalene in the presence or absence of farnesyl pyrophosphate. ( ergothioneine cancer ) The addition of unlabeled nerolidyl pyrophosphate to incubation mixtures does not alter the relative loss of alpha-hydrogens from farnesyl pyrophosphate during its conversion to squalene. The synthesis of separation of pyrophosphate esters of triprenols and terpenols are included.Lipids in forehead vernix from newborn infants.Wysocki SJ, Grauaug A, O'Neill G, Hähnel R.Neutral lipids in forehead vernix from newborn infants of various gestations were analysed by gas chromatography.


Vernix collected from pre-term (less than 37 weeks) infants differed markedly from that collected from near-term (less than or equal to 37 weeks) infants. The principle difference was a increase in the content of squalene relative to other lipids in vernix from near-term infants. This change indicated a surge in fetal sebaceous gland function at [The judgement of collagen metabolism by hydroxyproline in plasma and urine and plasma collagenic peptidase under different diet (author's transl)].In 34 subjects--coal workers with pneumoconiosis, patients with collagenic diseases and healthy subjects--the daily urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HP) and the plasma concentrations of HP and of collagenic peptidase have been measured during one week under HP-free and HP-enriched diet. It is shown that a 24-hour period of HP-free diet is necessary and sufficient before collecting urine or plasma for diet independent measurements of total or non-protein bound HP.

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