Notes

Write a note in this area. It's really easy to share with others. In the case of this practical both steric acid and paraffin wax were solids and throughout this practical/
experiment they were solids at the beginning point and in their case when you put a solid under heat
upon its boiling point it begins to melt thus turning into a liquid changing its original state .during this
process thee are thermometers installed into the substance to measure the current and present
temperature of the solution .since both paraffin wax and stearic acid are 2 different melting points
affecting there cooling rate in turn .when stearic acid is a solid all the molecules and particle within the
substance are tightly held together by strong covalent bonds which in turn weaken during the changing
of state but due to the strength of the molecules the particles are unable to move about only vibration
in there selected individual positions .however once the stearic acid begins to start melting the bonds
holding the substance together as a solid begin to weaken allowing the molecules to move more freely
within the solution. And if it were in its gas state the particles would be far more spread out as there ae
no covalent bonds holding them together so they begin to bounce of the surfaces of the test tube or
beaker collision rates would increase also affecting reactivity since more kinetic energy is being
produced between the gas molecules and the temperature tend to increase due to the increase in
activity and reactivity
The solid forms of parafin wax and stearic acid have strong covalent bonds that hold the molecules
together. When these substances are melted, the bonds break, allowing the molecules to move and
vibrate freely when heated. In their liquid state, the particles are not as tightly bound as in their solid
state, allowing them to move around each other while still being held together by intermolecular forces.
In a gas state, the atoms are completely separated due to the absence of intermolecular forces. When a
substance transitions from liquid to solid, there are significant changes in the movement of atoms, and
as the wax and acid cool and solidify, the atoms will vibrate more quickly as the temperature rises.
Paraffin wax has a higher cooling rate compared to stearic acid, with its cooling rate being 37°C
compared to 29°C. This indicates that paraffin has a lower boiling point, which allows it to turn into a
liquid in just a few minutes. Steric acid, on the other hand, has more compact molecules with stronger
bonds, which require more time to become a liquid. In the liquid state, the particles in both substances
move more freely than they do in the solid state.
During this experiment each substance was heated over a beaker of hot water with a flame from a
Bunsen burner below it changes its state from a solid to a liquid when it was heated, after both
substances became fully melted in liquid state and form the Bunsen burner gets removed the timer
begins to measure the cooling rate of stearic acid . The surface areas of both paraffin wax and stearic
acid both affect their cooling rate and process. both substances were provided to me at the same
column and timing so as to have a fair test and accurate data.
Since the Bunsen burner has been removed the average temprature begins to fall from its boiling point
to its freezing point where it returns back to its solid state as it returns back to 20*c which is room
temperature.
In the graph below we can see that the cooling rate for paraffin wax starts of in its liquid form increasing
in steepness up until 56*c which is paraffin wax melting point it remains at this temprature until
drastically decreasing in temperature where it starts freezing and adjusting to room temperature inevitably returning into its solid state . In both stearic acid and paraffin they both take roughly about
the same time to cool . here ...