Notes

The part associated with endoscopic remedy in the non-invasive control over pancreatic necrosis.
The digital world has undergone an essential metamorphosis in recent years, making the easy sharing of information possible, including those related to pharmacovigilance and the safety aspects of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products. These new interactive ways pose both opportunities and challenges to healthcare/pharmaceutical companies. The Pharmacovigilance Working Group "Ernesto Montagna" of the Italian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (SIMeF) decided to carry out a survey to gain a better understanding of the role of pharmacovigilance in digital activities.

The Pharmacovigilance Working Group "Ernesto Montagna" sent a questionnaire
Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technology to the members of the Pharmacovigilance Working Group (
 = 257). The questionnaire was composed of 11 questions in four clusters exploring (i) digital channels and projects implemented by the healthcare/pharmaceutical companies; (ii) governance tools in place for digital channels and projects; (iii) management y, in particular on when pharmacovigilance team should be involved and on the tools and guidance to be used to ensure effective governance of digital projects.Conclusion In a scenario that is evolving very quickly, an important factor is represented by the availability of straightforward and updated pharma-regulations and guidelines. Scientific societies like SIMeF and Farmindustria, the Italian national Pharma-Companies Association, could give a valuable contribution to the development of appropriate guidance together with the qualified authorities, in order to coordinate and standardize the approach among pharmaceutical companies.Various plant species such as Opuntia stricta have developed defensive measures, namely, spines, thorns, and other sharp pointed structures to protect themselves from herbivores and other animals feeding on them. Opuntia stricta has invaded the northern part of Laikipia County, Kenya, and its fruits are protected by small spines called glochids. This study determined the pathology in goats feeding on this plant in Laikipia County. Eighteen goats that had eaten the plant and six others that were raised in a ranch without O. stricta were purchased for the study. All study animals were clinically examined for lesions and euthanized for necropsy examination. Clinically, goats affected by O. stricta had poor body condition, wounds on various body parts, and diarrhea. Variable numbers of O. stricta spines occurred externally on the skin throughout the body and elicited pain, swelling, and ulcerative wounds on affected parts. Internal lesions were observed in subcutaneous tissues (100%), together with stomatitis, chplant needs to be controlled.Here we exploit the simple, ultra-stable, modular architecture of consensus-designed tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (CTPRs) to create a platform capable of displaying both single as well as multiple functions and with diverse programmable geometrical arrangements by grafting non-helical short linear binding motifs (SLiMs) onto the loops between adjacent repeats. As proof of concept, we built synthetic CTPRs to bind and inhibit the human tankyrase proteins (hTNKS), which play a key role in Wnt signaling and are upregulated in cancer. A series of mono-valent and multi-valent hTNKS binders was assembled. To fully exploit the modular scaffold and to further diversify the multi-valent geometry, we engineered the binding modules with two different formats, one monomeric and the other trimeric. We show that the designed proteins are stable, correctly folded and capable of binding to and inhibiting the cellular activity of hTNKS leading to downregulation of the Wnt pathway. Multivalency in both the CTPR protein arrays and the hTNKS target results in the formation of large macromolecular assemblies, which can be visualized both in vitro and in the cell. When delivered into the cell by nanoparticle encapsulation, the multivalent CTPR proteins displayed exceptional activity. They are able to inhibit Wnt signaling where small molecule inhibitors have failed to date. Our results point to the tremendous potential of the CTPR platform to exploit a range of SLiMs and assemble synthetic binding molecules with built-in multivalent capabilities and precise, pre-programmed geometries.Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) plays vital roles in many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology. This posttranslational modification is catalyzed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) through additions of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to protein residues, forming linear or branched poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers. In this study, we explored a new concept of utilizing functionalized PAR polymers for targeted drug delivery. This was achieved by rapid and efficient generation of auto-PARylated PARP1 with 3'-azido ADP-riboses and subsequent conjugations of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) payloads. This designed PARylated PARP1-antibody-MMAF conjugate could potently kill HER2-expressing cancer cells in high specificity. This proof-of-principle work demonstrates the feasibility of production of PAR polymer-based antibody-drug conjugate and its application in targeted delivery. The PAR polymer-based conjugates may lead to new types of therapeutics with potentially improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties.Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function. Ideally, labeling of mRNA should not alter its structure or function, nor affect the biological system. However, most methods applied in vivo make use of genetically encoded tags and reporters that significantly enhance the size of the mRNA of interest. Alternately, we utilize the 3' poly(A) tail as a non-coding repetitive hallmark to covalently label mRNAs via bioorthogonal chemistry with different fluorophores from a wide range of spectra without significantly changing the size. We demonstrate that the labeled mRNAs can be visualized in cells and zebrafish embryos, and that they are efficiently translated. Importantly, the labeled mRNAs acquired the proper subcellular localization in developing zebrafish embryos and their dynamics could be tracked in vivo.
Little are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Describe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-specific data and patients with premature presentation.

From November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS.

The vast majority were males (74%) and the most prevalent age group was (56-65 years) representing 37% of whole study population. Among female patients, 92% were post-menopausal. The prevalence of premature ACS was 51%. Forty five percent of total males and 69.6% of total females with ACS had premature presentation (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (66%). Nearly half of the entire study patients were current smokers (48%). We showed a high prevalence of documented dyslipidemia (48%) as well. Early invasive management strategy was employed in 65% of patients with no significant gender disparity noticed. Vascular access for coronary angiography was most commonly femoral (80% of time). Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was attempted in 53% of patients. Thrombolytic therapy (using Streptokinase) was used in 24% of included participants.

Among Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is common with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men.
Among Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is common with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men.
Human scabies is a highly contagious human dermatitis disease. As indicated by the national and regional reports, the epidemic of scabies became a major public health problem in Ethiopia since 2015.

To identify the determinant factors of scabies outbreak in Takusa district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017.

A community based unmatched case-control study among 188 participants (63 cases and 125 controls) was conducted in Takusa district from September to October 2017. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed using SPSS version 22 to identify factors associated with scabies. Odds ratio at 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05 were used to describe the strength of the association and statistical significance.

The median age of cases was 20 years (ranges1-61). Presence of person with itching in the family (AOR=7.7, 95% CI1.9-30.5), sleeping with scabies patient (AOR=3.99, 95% CI1.37-11.7), travel to scabies epidemic area in the last six weeks (AOR=3.79, 95%CI1.28-11.1) and infrequent use of detergent for showering (AOR=4.85; 95% CI 1.3-17.9)) were found to be determinant factors of scabies outbreak.

Frequent contact with people who develop scabies at home, not using detergents for washing, and mobility of people from non-epidemic to the epidemic areas were determinant factors. Giving special emphasis on regular awareness creation to the rural community is important to prevent scabies outbreak.
Frequent contact with people who develop scabies at home, not using detergents for washing, and mobility of people from non-epidemic to the epidemic areas were determinant factors. Giving special emphasis on regular awareness creation to the rural community is important to prevent scabies outbreak.
High prevalence of HIV infection has been reported among commercial farm workers in South Africa, but studies of the role of transactional sex in this epidemic is limited.

This study seeks to examine the association between transactional sex and HIV infection among commercial farm workers in South Africa.

This is a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey by the International Organization of Migration among farm workers in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa in 2010. The study included 2,758 sexually active farm workers. The outcome variable was HIV infection while the main explanatory variable was engagement in transactional sex. Other explanatory variables were sex, age, marital status, number of sex partners, food security, recent history of sexually transmitted infection, condom use at last sex with non-regular partner, history of sexual violence and migration status. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to obtain unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of the association between transactional sex and HIV infection.

Engagement in transactional sex was common (19%) but not significantly associated with HIV infection (OR 1.1; CI 0.57-2.44). Female sex (1.93; 1.60-2.32), age 25 to 44 years, recent STI (OR 1.37; CI 1.18-1.58) and sexual violence (OR 1.39; CI 1.19-1.63) were significant risk factors for HIV infection.

Risky sexual behaviours were common among the farmworker population. HIV prevention interventions should include behavioural change communication and improved access to healthcare for STI and HIV treatment.
Risky sexual behaviours were common among the farmworker population. HIV prevention interventions should include behavioural change communication and improved access to healthcare for STI and HIV treatment.
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