Notes

Adeno-associated computer virus (AAV)-based gene treatment for glioblastoma.
Overall, in-hospital mortality was 31.8%. The mortality rates among patients who received early antibiotic was 31.6% and who received immediate antibiotic was 33.3%, with a
-value of 0.823.

Our findings did not support immediate antibiotic administration over early administration in patients with sepsis. However, further studies are recommended to investigate the effects of antibiotic timing on the outcome of severe sepsis patients.
Our findings did not support immediate antibiotic administration over early administration in patients with sepsis. However, further studies are recommended to investigate the effects of antibiotic timing on the outcome of severe sepsis patients.
To analyze the prognostic value of serum presepsin value in community-acquired pneumonia focal sepsis using sepsis-3 criteria and its relationship with other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.

For this prospective observational study, 176 patients above 18 years old, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia focal sepsis and septic shock were included. It was performed in a tertiary hospital between May 2020 and December 2020. Blood samples were obtained from patients for presepsin levels at the time of diagnosis in the emergency room. The serum presepsin levels of 3 groups were statistically compared with each other.

The sepsis group had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than the pneumonia group (
=0.004).The septic shock group had serum presepsin levels than sepsis group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (
=0.25). Non survivor patients had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than survivors (
=0.001). Significant correlation determined between serum presepsin level and procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, pneumonia severity index, and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).

Serum presepsin level is a new biomarker that can be used an indicator of sepsis and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. However, for determining the prognosis of sepsis, there was no superiority detected over other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.
Serum presepsin level is a new biomarker that can be used an indicator of sepsis and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. However, for determining the prognosis of sepsis, there was no superiority detected over other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.
To identify testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) prevalence among children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to assess hormonal control role as a contributing factor for TART development. Testicular adrenal rest tumors are benign tumors complicating CAH. It affects adult males with CAH commonly, with a reported prevalence of 40% on average, and up to 94%. There is insufficient data regarding their prevalence in children aged above 4 years and adolescents.

This descriptive study included 21 children and adolescents with CAH (17 salt wasting type, 4 non salt wasting type) aged 4-20 years who were screened for TARTs by routine testicular ultrasonography from October 2012 to December 2020 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, 17-hydroxy progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and luteinizing hormone levels were measured.

Testicular adrenal rest tumors were detected in 6 (28%) patients (median age 12.5 years). The youngest affected child was 8 years old. All patients with TARTs were asymptomatic with impalpable testicular masses at the time of detection. Bilateral involvement was observed in 5 patients, while one patient had unilateral involvement. All patients with TARTs had poor hormonal control, and 4 patients had advanced bone age.

Testicular adrenal rest tumors development has been shown to correlate with poor hormonal control. Annual screening of young children with CAH for TART development is crucial, even for asymptomatic or with impalpable testicular masses.
Testicular adrenal rest tumors development has been shown to correlate with poor hormonal control. Annual screening of young children with CAH for TART development is crucial, even for asymptomatic or with impalpable testicular masses.
To investigate the ethmoid infundibulum (EI) and maxillary sinus natural ostium (MSNO) dimensions in normal sinuses of the Asian population; identified variation between sides, gender, and age groups; and to assess the effects of such variation on the measurements.

We assessed EI dimension and MSNO diameter in computed tomography (CT) scans of the normal paranasal sinus of 100 patients who underwent trans-sphenoid endoscopic surgery. We compared demographic data and multiple anatomical variations.

The gap difference in EI length between the right and left sides significantly differed from 0 (0.47±1.38mm). We found wider EI in people aged ≥60 years (2.44±0.59mm), compared to people aged <60 years (2.25±0.31mm). Ethmoid infundibulum length was greater among individuals with Haller cells (8.84±1.56mm) than in individuals without them (7.92±1.47mm). Furthermore, MSNO diameter was greater with accessory ostium (3.48±0.77mm versus 3.02±0.72mm, presence versus accessory ostium absence).

Multiple factors may affect EI and MSNO dimensions. Ethmoid infundibulum length differed between both sides. Ethmoid infundibulum width differed between individuals aged ≥60 years and individuals aged <60 years. Haller cells and accessory ostium presence were associated with significant differences in those measurements.
Multiple factors may affect EI and MSNO dimensions. Ethmoid infundibulum length differed between both sides. Ethmoid infundibulum width differed between individuals aged ≥60 years and individuals aged less then 60 years. Haller cells and accessory ostium presence were associated with significant differences in those measurements.
To investigate the molecular mechanism of low serum IgG4 at the level of the immunoglobulin heavy constant G4 gene (
). Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to exhibit immunological abnormalities that predispose them to infection. Among other anomalies, individuals with DS have altered serum concentrations of some subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG), particularly the IgG4 subclasses.

In this prospective study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out from December 2017 to June 2019 in the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France to measure the number of
copies and to compare those outcomes with a reference gene (36B4). An
ratio was considered normal when between 0.8 and 1.2. Forty-four DS patients, comprising 23 DS patients carrying severe low serum IgG4 and 21 DS patients with normal serum IgG4 (level >0.1 g/L). The patient group was compared with 38 healthy donors (controls) without DS.

The heavy chain gene
heterozygous deletion was found in 16 (69.57%) DS patients with low serum IgG4 versus in 2 (9.52%) DS with normal serum IgG4 (
=0.0001). In the control group, deletion was found in 5.26% (2/38) of the sample.

The heavy chain gene
haploinsufficiency is highly correlated with low serum IgG4 in our population with DS, but other relevant factors must be assessed in future work.
The heavy chain gene IGHG4 haploinsufficiency is highly correlated with low serum IgG4 in our population with DS, but other relevant factors must be assessed in future work.
To identify ribosome protein L5 gene variants and the risk of hepatic vein thrombosis in Saudi patients.

A case-control study was conducted during the period of May 2018 to September 2019. Sixty-five patient cases of hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT) were chosen, and 50 healthy individuals of the same ages and both gender were set as a control group. The genotype of the gene
was determined by PCR please provide abbreviation in full and capillary electrophoresis. Sanger sequencing for genetically screened variants was applied for the RPL5 gene.

Alleles A at variant rs182018447 and T allele at variant rs559377519 were strongly corelated (
=0.009 and
=0.037, respectively) with the risk of HVT. The genotype frequencies of the
gene, the A/A genotypes at rs182018447 and T/T at rs559377519 were associated with HVT (
=0.000 and
=0.004; respectively) and an increase in risk for HVT among these patients. Please rephrase the highlighted text without using the word respectively.

Our findings indicate that the 5 genetic novel variants examined in the
gene were associated with a risk of HVT in all our Saudi cases. Additionally, the A/A at rs182018447 and T/T at rs559377519 genotypes were substantially susceptible to HVT in all these patients.
Our findings indicate that the 5 genetic novel variants examined in the RPL5 gene were associated with a risk of HVT in all our Saudi cases. Additionally, the A/A at rs182018447 and T/T at rs559377519 genotypes were substantially susceptible to HVT in all these patients.The demand for liver transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is associated with the country's high burden of liver disease. Trends in the epidemiology of liver transplantation indications among recipients in KSA have changed over 20 years. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has eclipsed the hepatitis C virus in the country due to the effective treatment strategies for HCV. Risk factors for NASH, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, are becoming a major concern and a leading indication for liver transplantation in the KSA. There is also a significantly increased prevalence and incidence of genetic adult familial liver diseases in KSA. New immunosuppressive agents and preservation solutions, improved surgical capabilities, and early disease recognition and management have increased the success rate of liver transplant outcome but concerns about the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy can jeopardise long-term survival outcomes. Despite this, indications for liver transplantation continue to increase, resulting in ongoing challenges to maximize the number of potential donors and reduce patient mortality rate while expecting to get transplanted. The Saudi Center of Organ Transplant is the recognized National Organ Donation Agency for transplantation, which renders important support for procurement and allocation of organs. This guidance document aims to help healthcare providers in managing patients in the liver transplant setting.
Whether iron supplementation in patients on hemodialysis could be delivered by less frequent but higher single doses compared with the currently more common higher-frequency schedules of lower single iron doses is unknown.

We carried out an open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial over 40 weeks in patients on prevalent hemodialysis (
=142). We administered in total 2 g iron as 100 mg iron sucrose biweekly in a continuous (20 × 100 mg) fashion or 500 mg ferric carboxymaltose every 10 weeks in a periodic (4 × 500 mg) fashion. The primary end point was the change in hemoglobin at week 40 from baseline with a noninferiority margin of -0.8 g/dl. Secondary end points were changes in ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use.

In total, 108 patients completed the study. At 40 weeks, hemoglobin changed by -0.27 g/dl (95% confidence interval, -0.64 to 0.09) in the iron sucrose arm and by -0.74 g/dl (95% confidence interval, -1.1 to -0.39) in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared with baseline.
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