Notes

An intelligent dual-drug nanosystem depending on co-assembly associated with grow as well as food-derived all-natural goods with regard to hand in glove HCC immunotherapy.
A protracted, customised, multiprofessional rehabilitation approach, centred on realistic functional objectives, implemented with the direct involvement of the family and school, was the only way to achieve the maximum independence and social and family integration permitted by his residual disability.
There are no reports regarding the long-term retention of effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment® BIG (LSVT® BIG) on improvements in quality of life (QOL) among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of LSVT® BIG on QOL improvement and its retention in a patient with PD. Motor symptoms, walking ability, and walking speed were evaluated as factors associated with QOL.

A 63-year-old woman who was diagnosed with PD received a 4-week LSVT® BIG program under the supervision of certified LSVT® BIG physical therapists. The participant's disease severity was classified as Hoehn and Yahr stage 2. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part 3, timed up-and-go test (TUG), and 10 m walk test (10 MWT) were evaluated before, after, and 1-year after the intervention.

The results indicated short-term improvements in the PDQ-39, MDS-UPDRS part 3, TUG, and 10 MWT which were retained for up to 1 year.

This case report suggests the possibility of 1-year retention of improvements in QOL, motor symptoms, walking ability, and walking speed resulting from LSVT® BIG intervention in a patient with mild PD.
This case report suggests the possibility of 1-year retention of improvements in QOL, motor symptoms, walking ability, and walking speed resulting from LSVT® BIG intervention in a patient with mild PD.
Mirror therapy (MT) has proven to be beneficial for treating patients suffering from motor aphasia after stroke. However, the impacts of MT on neuroplasticity remain unexplored.

In this paper we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the treatment using the MT on motor aphasia following acute cerebral infarction.

We randomly assigned 30 patients into test and control groups, with test group patients treated with MT, whereas control group patients were treated with sham MT. At 24 hours prior to and after the intervention, we obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from study subjects. At baseline, after treatment and 12-week follow-up, we additionally evaluated patients with the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the aphasia quotient (AQ) in the western aphasia test.

After 2 weeks of treatment, the test group demonstrated significant improvements in AQ values, naming, repetition, spontaneous speech, and mRS scores comf MT and the application of this therapy as an adjunct rehabilitation technique in language recovery.
Recent advances in technology have warranted the use of wearable sensors to monitor gait and posture. However, the psychometric properties of using wearable devices to measure gait-related outcomes have not been fully established in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of body-worn sensors for gait evaluation in people with PD. Additionally, the influence of disease severity on the reliability was determined.

Twenty individuals with PD were recruited. During the first evaluation, the participants wore inertial sensors on their shoes and walked along a walkway thrice at their comfortable walking speed. The participants were then required to return to the lab after 3-5 days to complete the second evaluation with the same study procedure. Test-retest reliability of gait-related outcomes were calculated. To determine whether the results would be affected by disease severity, reliability was re-calculated by subdividing the participants into early and mid-advanced stages of the disease.

The results showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.64-0.87) of the wearable sensors for gait assessment in the general population with PD. Subgroup analysis showed that the reliability was higher among patients at early stages (ICC = 0.71-0.97) compared to those at mid-advanced stages (ICC = 0.65-0.81) of PD.

Wearable sensors could reliably measure gait parameters in people with PD, and the reliability was higher among individuals at early stages of the disease compared to those at mid-advanced stages. Absolute reliability values were calculated to act as references for future studies.
Wearable sensors could reliably measure gait parameters in people with PD, and the reliability was higher among individuals at early stages of the disease compared to those at mid-advanced stages. Absolute reliability values were calculated to act as references for future studies.
Chronic pain is common in patients who undergo lower limb amputation. The use of epidural or perineural catheters seems to reduce acute pain after surgery but their effects in a longer follow up are unknown.

To evaluate the long-term prevalence of phantom limb sensation (PLS), phantom limb pain (PLP), and residual limb pain (RLP) and their correlation with perioperative use of epidural or perineural catheters.

Postal survey. Patients with trans-femoral, trans-tibial or hemi-pelvectomy amputation were asked to partake in the study. The Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire was used for the presence of chronic post-surgical pain. Presence of catheters was retrieved from medical notes.

57 patients at a mean of 4.4 years follow up were included. PLS was reported in 68.4%, PLP in 63.2 % and RLP in 54.4% of amputees. No correlation was identified between pain syndromes and the presence of individual catheters and the duration of their permanence. The simultaneous use of 2 catheters was related to a lesser presence of PLP.

Data on prevalence of PLP, PLS and RLP are consistent with the literature. Favourable effects in PLP reduction in the long term follow up was related to the simultaneous use of two catheters.
Data on prevalence of PLP, PLS and RLP are consistent with the literature. Favourable effects in PLP reduction in the long term follow up was related to the simultaneous use of two catheters.
Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) experience an asymmetrical gait pattern and poor balance capabilities. Effective interventions, therefore, are needed to facilitate remediation of these functional issues.

This study was set out to investigate the emerging role of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercises on gait-symmetry and balance in children with UCP.

In this randomized controlled trial, 42 children with UCP (age; 8 -12 years) were enrolled and received either standard physical rehabilitation (control group; n = 21) or the SSC exercise program plus physical rehabilitation (SSC group; n = 21). Spatial- and temporal-gait symmetry index (GSI) and specific balance capabilities [reactive balance, directional control, movement synchronization, and sensory organization] were assessed before and after 16 sessions that were carried out twice/week over non-sequential days in an 8-week program.

Using the pre-treatment scores as covariates, the post-treatment spatial- (P = 0.006; ηp2= 0.17) and temporal- GSI (P <  .001; ηp2= 0.46) scores reduced significantly in the SSC group as compared to the control group, suggesting favorable improvement of gait symmetry. Also, all measures of balance (P <  0.05; ηp2 ranged between 0.10 and 0.29) improved remarkably, post-treatment, in SSC group in comparison with the control group.

The evidence from this study suggests that SSC exercises besides standard physical rehabilitation appear to be effective for improving gait symmetry and boosting balance capabilities in children with UCP.
The evidence from this study suggests that SSC exercises besides standard physical rehabilitation appear to be effective for improving gait symmetry and boosting balance capabilities in children with UCP.
Nearly half of persons with Parkinson disease (PD) report fatigue as a factor in their fall history. However, it is unknown whether these self-reported falls are caused by a sensation of fatigue or performance fatigue.

We sought to investigate the influences of performance fatigue and age on postural control in persons with PD.

Individuals with PD (n = 14) underwent postural control assessments before (T0) and immediately after (T1) fatiguing exercise. Biomechanical data were gathered on participants completing a treadmill-induced, posterior-directed fall. Performance fatigue was produced using lower extremity resistance exercise on an isokinetic ergometer. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used with age as a covariate to determine the effects of performance fatigue on biomechanical variables.

After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant difference in peak center of pressure (COP) latency during the support phase of recovery. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated a decrease in peak ankle dof the aging and fatigue processes.
The Munich Swallowing Score (MUCSS) is a clinician rated scale for the assessment of the functional level of swallowing saliva/secretions, food and liquids. The MUCSS consists of two eight-point subscales, MUCSS-Saliva and MUCSS-Nutrition. In a previous article, content validity and interrater reliability were described.

The aim of the present study was to investigate criterion validity and sensitivity to change of the MUCSS.

The research was conducted at a tertiary care academic hospital. Data were collected retrospectively in a cohort of 100 acute and subacute neurologic patients. Criterion validity was judged by comparison to the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), the Barthel Index (BI), Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index (ERI), Extended Barthel Index (EBI) and also by comparison to three physiological scales drawn from FEES videos The Penetration - Aspiration Scale (PAS), the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPR) and the Murray Secretion Scale (MSS). Changes in oral intake and saliva swallowing were followed up for three months.

Between MUCSS and scores directly reflecting dysphagic symptoms (GUSS, PAS, YPR, MSS, ERI), strong to moderate correlations were found, weaker but statistically significant associations were seen with global measures of disability (BI isolated, EBI-subscale cognitive functions). MUCSS was sensitive to positive change of saliva swallowing and oral intake during the recovery period.

These preliminary data suggest that the MUCCS is a valid scale and may be appropriate for documenting clinical change in swallowing abilities of patients with neurogenic dysphagia.
These preliminary data suggest that the MUCCS is a valid scale and may be appropriate for documenting clinical change in swallowing abilities of patients with neurogenic dysphagia.
Bradykinesia is the defining motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). There are limitations to its assessment using standard clinical rating scales, especially in the early stages of PD when a floor effect may be observed.

To develop a quantitative method to track repetitive tapping movements and to compare people in the early stages of PD, healthy controls, and individuals with idiopathic anosmia.

This was a cross-sectional study of 99 participants (early-stage PD = 26, controls = 64, idiopathic anosmia = 9). For each participant, repetitive finger tapping was recorded over 20 seconds using a smartphone at 240 frames per second. From each video, amplitude between fingers, frequency (number of taps per second), and velocity (distance travelled per second) was extracted. Clinical assessment was based on the motor section of the MDS-UPDRS.

People in the early stage of PD performed the task with slower velocity (p <  0.001) and with greater frequency slope than controls (p = 0.003). The combination of reduced velocity and greater frequency slope obtained the best accuracy to separate early-stage PD from controls based on metric thresholds alone (AUC = 0.
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