Notes

[NEUROLOGICAL Issues OF COVID-19: Overview of LITERATURE AND Very own EXPERIENCE].
Bearing witness to Syrian refugee atrocities may result in aid-workers' vicarious traumatization (VT). This study examined work stressors and organizational support and their associations with vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) and intimate relationships. It also examined the potential mediating effects of differentiation of the self and finding meaning in trauma-work.

Aid-workers (N=317) from organizations in Jordan were surveyed. Univariate statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were utilized to test hypothesized relationships.

Increased VT was associated with increased VPTG, decreased intimacy and decreased differentiation. Increased needs addressed by NGOs was associated with increased VPTG, differentiation, and finding meaning. Increased trauma-exposure was associated with increased finding meaning. Increased co-workers support was associated with increased intimacy and finding meaning. Higher differentiation was associated with decreased VPTG, and increased intimacy. Whereas, increased finding meaning was associated with increased VPTG and intimacy. Differentiation partially mediated the associations between VT, and both VPTG and intimacy, and between needs at work and VPTG. Differentiation fully mediated the association between needs at work and intimacy. Finding meaning fully mediated the associations between extent of trauma-exposure, and both VPTG and intimacy, and between co-workers support and VPTG; needs at work and intimacy. VP-16 supplier It partially mediated the associations between needs at work and VPTG; co-workers support and intimacy.

The study is cross-sectional and generalization is limited to aid-workers who provide services to Syrian refugees in Jordan.

Organizational support is crucial in mitigating the negative impacts of trauma-work, and in enabling a nurturing space for potential growth.
Organizational support is crucial in mitigating the negative impacts of trauma-work, and in enabling a nurturing space for potential growth.
Stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with hyper(re-)activity of the HPA-axis. HPA-axis hyper(re-)activity is thought to be a major risk factor for depression development. SLEs may induce changes in an organism's stress system via epigenetic mechanisms. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is able to attenuate the stress response, and OT pathways are dysregulated in individuals suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Therefore, the gene coding for oxytocin (OXT) is a possible target for the investigation of depression development.

We collected data on SLEs, OXT promoter methylation (Sequenom Epityper MassArray) and depression severity from 90 MDD inpatients and 90 matched healthy controls.

We found MDD inpatients to have a significantly lower OXT methylation than healthy controls. Methylation status was significantly negatively associated with SLEs but only in the group of MDD inpatients. There were no associations between methylation status and depression severity.

Methylation in blood samples could serve as basis for a personalized medicine, in which pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment of depression is tailored to the patient's individual characteristics.
Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) alterations in young depressed patients with suicide attempts after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication cotherapy were evaluated.

Seventy-eight subjects (age 18-28) were recruited from April 2017 to March 2019. Forty young depressed patients who attempted suicide were divided into CBT (8 weeks of structured CBT sessions and antidepressant medication cotherapy) and monotherapy (MG antidepressant therapy alone) groups, and 38 healthy volunteers constituted a healthy control (HC) group. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was conducted before and after treatment.

Before treatment, spontaneous brain activity in the left posterior cerebellar lobe (L-PCL), right anterior cingulate cortex, left caudate nucleus and left superior frontal cortex was higher in untreated patients than in HCs. After treatment, fALFF in the left middle occipital cortex and left precuneus was significantly increased in the CBT compared with the HC group. fALFF in the right middle frontal cortex, right inferior frontal cortex, l-PCL, and left anterior cerebellar lobe (L-ACL) were increased, while fALFF in the l-mPFC and l-SgACC were reduced, in the CBT compared with the MG group. Pearson correlation analyses provided information about clinical scale scores and mean fALFF relationships.

There was insufficient evidence to confirm that these spontaneous brain activity alterations were the result of CBT or spontaneous recovery.

CBT and medication cotherapy can significantly change spontaneous activity in the left cerebellum and default-mode network, thereby regulating and reshaping emotional and cognitive processing.
CBT and medication cotherapy can significantly change spontaneous activity in the left cerebellum and default-mode network, thereby regulating and reshaping emotional and cognitive processing.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been reported to ameliorate anxiety and mood disorders in animal models. Cohort links between ARB use and suicide risk in humans require clarification.

Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients diagnosed as having hypertension according to the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (401-405) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012 were enrolled as the target population. We defined enrollees who had received ARB prescriptions for at least 28 days as ARB users. Those who had never taken ARB prior or during the study period were defined as ARB nonusers and were propensity score-matched with ARB users. The end outcome was confirmation of a suicide attempt.

After propensity score matching was conducted, 40,976 ARB users and 40,976 nonusers were selected as the matched cohorts. The overall incidence rate of suicide attempt was significantly lower in ARB users than in nonusers (0.51 vs. 1.07 per 10,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio=0.48, 95% confidence interval=0.26-0.87). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with a log-rank test revealed a lower cumulative incidence of suicide attempt in ARB users than in nonusers (p < 0.001 for the unmatched cohort; p=0.01 for the matched cohort).

ARB use was not associated with an increased risk for suicide compared with non-ARB use.
ARB use was not associated with an increased risk for suicide compared with non-ARB use.
Cumulative evidence has suggested that brain regions including the bilateral insula and the anterior cingulate cortex play critical roles in the processing of interoceptive information. However, the brain functional connectivity patterns underlying interoceptive sensibility (IS) and their role in the relationship between IS and self-reported bodily symptoms remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns associated with IS and how this modulates the relationship between IS and self-reported bodily symptoms.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to test the intrinsic large-scale functional connectivity in 459 healthy subjects. IS and self-reported bodily symptoms were assessed by questionnaires.

Individuals with greater IS had a stronger tendency to report bodily symptoms. Higher IS was correlated with decreased ventral anterior insula-superior temporal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-middle frontal cortex and amygdala-medioventral occration and cognitive-affective control, resulting in increased vigilance-attention to bodily signals. These findings offer new empirical evidence for a better understanding of the intricate relationships between interoception and symptom reporting.
The outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, Hubei, has caused very serious consequences and severely affected people's lives and mental health. link2 The outbreak will cause bad emotions such as tension, anxiety, fear, and so on. College students who have returned home from school face infection, isolation, and delay in starting school, and thus, their emotional stress should be observed.

This study used self-designed questionnaires and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess and analyze the emotional state of over 30,000 college students during the outbreak period in January (T1) and home quarantine in February (T2). This survey used online questionnaire (www.wjx.cn) to investigate the emotion information of college students.

In the T1 survey, the "Typhoon Eye Effect" appeared. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. However, in T2, an emotional "infection point" appeared, there was an "Exposure Effect", the negative emotions of students in Hubei largely increasend negative emotions. Therefore, universities and society should pay attention to their emotional adjustment, there are some suggestions such as establish the mental health organizations, test students' emotion status regularly.
It has been suggested that peer support intervention may offer an alternative approach to prevent or treat perinatal depression, but little is known about its effectiveness, economics, and satisfaction in the prenatal and postpartum populations. This review summarizes available evidence on the effectiveness, economics, and satisfaction of peer support intervention on perinatal depression.

Multiple electronic databases were searched in five English databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL) and three Chinese databases (Wang Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) from inception to April 2019. Hand searching of references was also performed. Randomized controlled trials reporting peer support intervention targeting on perinatal depression were included. link3 The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Ten randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Peentervention on perinatal depression.
Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD) is a presentation of OCD centering on interpersonal relationships. The aim of this Randomized Control Trial (RCT) was to assess the efficacy of short, game like, daily cognitive interventions delivered via mobile application in reducing subclinical ROCD symptoms and associated phenomena.

Fifty university students identified as having subclinical levels of ROCD symptoms (using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinical Version) were randomized into immediate-use group (iApp group; n=25) and delayed-use group (dApp group; n=25). The iApp group started using the evaluated cognitive-behavioral training application at baseline for 15 days (T0 to T1). The dApp group commenced using the application at T1 for 15 days (T1 to T2). All participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), 15 days from baseline (T1), and 30 days from baseline (T2).

Repeated measure MANOVAs showed significant Group (iApp vs. dApp)×Time (T0 vs. T1) interactions. These interactions indicated greater decrease in ROCD symptoms, OCD beliefs and social anxiety symptoms, as well as a greater increase in self-esteem in the iApp group compared to dApp group at T1. Moreover, the Reliable Change Index (RCI) indicated reliable change on ROCD symptoms for a significant portion of participants (42-52%).

Sample size and the use of self-report measures limits the generalizability of the results.

Short, daily cognitive training interventions delivered via mobile applications may be useful in reducing subclinical ROCD symptoms and associated features. Further testing is needed for clinical populations.
Short, daily cognitive training interventions delivered via mobile applications may be useful in reducing subclinical ROCD symptoms and associated features. Further testing is needed for clinical populations.
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