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The objectives of the study was to compare pancreatic perfusion by computed tomography in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic subjects.

In this case-control study, 17 patients with type 2 diabetes and 22 non-diabetic controls were examined with a dynamic 192-slices perfusion computed tomography for estimating pancreatic perfusion parameters.

Thirty-nine patients were included (22 with Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]), with a mean age of 64 years. There were significant differences in some pancreatic perfusion parameters in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Blood volume (BV) was lower in pancreatic head (with T2DM 14.0 ± 3.4 vs. without T2DM 16.1 ± 2.4 mL/100 mL;
= 0.033), pancreatic tail (with 14.4 ± 3.6 vs. without 16.8 ± 2.5 mL/100 mL;
= 0.023), and in whole pancreas (with 14.2 ± 3.2 vs. without 16.2 ± 2.5 mL/100 mL;
= 0.042). Similar behavior was observed with mean transit time (MTT) in pancreatic head (with 7.0 ± 1.0 vs. without 7.9 ± 1.2 s;
= 0.018), pancreatic tail (with 6.6 ± 1.3 vs. without 7.7 ± 0.9 s;
= 0.005), and in whole pancreas (with 6.8 ± 1.0 vs. without 7.7 ± 0.9 s;
= 0.016). BV in head, tail, and whole pancreas had negative correlations with age (head r -0.352,
= 0.032; tail r -0.421,
= 0.031; whole pancreas r -0.439,
= 0.007), and fasting plasma glucose (head r -0.360,
= 0.031; tail r -0.483,
= 0.003; whole pancreas r -0.447,
= 0.006). In a multivariate linear regression model, HbA1c was independently associated with decrease in BV in whole pancreas (β -0.884; CI95% -1.750 to -0.017;
= 0.046).

Pancreatic BV and MTT were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. BV was decreased with older age and poorer glycemic control.
Pancreatic BV and MTT were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. BV was decreased with older age and poorer glycemic control.Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is a subset of cancer that is too often diagnosed at a more advanced stage due to physiologic changes of the breast and lack of awareness among patients and physicians, resulting in higher mortality rates. While PABC is rare, it is postulated that as women delay childbearing, the rate of PABC may increase. Therefore, it is important to discuss appropriate workup, safety of mammography during pregnancy, and biopsy techniques.Iterative P450 enzymes are powerful biocatalysts for selective late-stage C-H oxidation of complex natural product scaffolds. These enzymes represent useful tools for selectivity and cascade reactions, facilitating direct access to core structure diversification. Recently, we reported the structure of the multifunctional bacterial P450 TamI and elucidated the molecular basis of its substrate binding and strict reaction sequence at distinct carbon atoms of the substrate. Here, we report the design and characterization of a toolbox of TamI biocatalysts, generated by mutations at Leu101, Leu244, and/or Leu295, that alter the native selectivity, step sequence, and number of reactions catalyzed, including the engineering of a variant capable of catalyzing a four-step oxidative cascade without the assistance of the flavoprotein and oxidative partner TamL. The tuned enzymes override inherent substrate reactivity, enabling catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization and alkene epoxidation of the tetramic acid-containing natural product tirandamycin. Five bioactive tirandamycin derivatives (6-10) were generated through TamI-mediated enzymatic synthesis. Quantum mechanics calculations and MD simulations provide important insights into the basis of altered selectivity and underlying biocatalytic mechanisms for enhanced continuous oxidation of the iterative P450 TamI.We study a multi-type SIR epidemic process within a heterogeneous population that interacts through a network. We base social contact on a random graph with given vertex degrees, and we give limit theorems on the fraction of infected individuals. For given social distancing individual strategies, we establish the epidemic reproduction number R 0 , which can be used to identify network vulnerability and inform vaccination policies. In the second part of the paper, we study the equilibrium of the social distancing game. Individuals choose their social distancing level according to an anticipated global infection rate, which must equal the actual infection rate following their choices. We give conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium. In the case of random regular graphs, we show that voluntary social distancing will always be socially sub-optimal.We consider a game for a continuum of non-identical players evolving on a finite state space. Their heterogeneous interactions are represented with a graphon, which can be viewed as the limit of a dense random graph. A player's transition rates between the states depend on their control and the strength of interaction with the other players. We develop a rigorous mathematical framework for the game and analyze Nash equilibria. We provide a sufficient condition for a Nash equilibrium and prove existence of solutions to a continuum of fully coupled forward-backward ordinary differential equations characterizing Nash equilibria. Moreover, we propose a numerical approach based on machine learning methods and we present experimental results on different applications to compartmental models in epidemiology.Optimal routing in highly congested street networks where the travel times are often stochastic is a challenging problem with significant practical interest. While most approaches to this problem use minimizing the expected travel time as the sole objective, such a solution is not always desired, especially when the variance of travel time is high. In this work, we pose the problem of finding a routing policy that minimizes the expected travel time under the hard constraint of retaining a specified probability of on-time arrival. Our approach to this problem models the stochastic travel time on each segment in the road network as a discrete random variable, thus translating the model of interest into a Markov decision process. Such a setting enables us to interpret the problem as a linear program. Our work also includes a case study on the street of Manhattan, New York where we constructed the model of travel times using real-world data, and employed our approach to generate optimal routing policies.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has affected more than 400 million people worldwide. With the recent rise of new Delta and Omicron variants, the efficacy of the vaccines has become an important question. The goal of various studies has been to limit the spread of the virus by utilizing wireless sensing technologies to prevent human-to-human interactions, particularly for healthcare workers. In this paper, we discuss the current literature on invasive/contact and non-invasive/non-contact technologies (including Wi-Fi, radar, and software-defined radio) that have been effectively used to detect, diagnose, and monitor human activities and COVID-19 related symptoms, such as irregular respiration. In addition, we focused on cutting-edge machine learning algorithms (such as generative adversarial networks, random forest, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, extremely randomized trees, and k-nearest neighbors) and their essential role in intelligent healthcare systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the limitations related to non-invasive techniques and prospective research directions.
Nucleic acid-based gene therapy is a promising technology that has been used in various applications such as novel vaccination platforms for infectious/cancer diseases and cellular reprogramming because of its fast, specific, and effective properties. Despite its potential, the parenteral nucleic acid drug formulation exhibits instability and low efficacy due to various barriers, such as stability concerns related to its liquid state formulation, skin barriers, and endogenous nuclease degradation. As promising alternatives, many attempts have been made to perform nucleic acid delivery using a microneedle system. With its minimal invasiveness, microneedle can deliver nucleic acid drugs with enhanced efficacy and improved stability.

This review describes nucleic acid medicines' current state and features and their delivery systems utilizing non-viral vectors and physical delivery systems. In addition, different types of microneedle delivery systems and their properties are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, recience through self-administration with less pain.Early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield are important characters of mungbean in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the useful parents in mungbean crosses for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties by estimating the genetic parameters and their inheritance. The study was conducted at the ILETRI, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of 2014. 20 F1 and 5 parents were evaluated using a randomized block design, repeated three times. Results of the study showed that all observed traits showed the importance of both additive and dominance gene effects. The relative value of general combining ability (GCA) was greater than specific combining ability (SCA) for number of pod clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight which indicated the importance of additive gene effect. The dominance gene effect occurred on number of pods and seed yield per plant. Among five parents, G3 was the best combiner for all the observed characters except pod length; therefore, G3 could be exploited for late maturity, small seed size, high number of branches and pod cluster, and high seed yield. G5 has a high GCA for 100-seed weight. G1 and G2 have good GCA for early maturity. G3 and G5 genotypes are useful as parents in mungbean breeding for small and large seed size varieties, respectively. The best combination for seed yield was G2 × G3 and G3 × G1 crosses and could be proceeded with selection for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties.Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was originally used as an antimalarial and immunomodulation drug. We developed and validated a simple and sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of HCQ and its three metabolites in rat blood, and reported their pharmacokinetic parameters. The chromatographic separation and detection of analytes were achieved within 4 min on ZORBAX SB-C8 (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 150 mm) column with gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.25 mL/min. Simple protein precipitation was successfully applied for sample pretreatment. The HCQ displays a good linearity in the range of 2.0-5000.0 ng/mL, and the three metabolites also show good linearity ranging from 1.0 to 2500.0 ng/mL, with all correlation coefficients (R 2) better than 0.98. In conclusion, this rapid, sensitive method was successfully developed, validated, and then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of HCQ in rat model in high dose. The results of the pharmacokinetic study presented an average half-life time 21.
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