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May yield, dirt Chemical as well as gathering or amassing always be increased below long-term resource efficiency agriculture from the japanese Indo-Gangetic plain of India?
The properties of the polydopamine layer and the quality of the metal film were studied by physico-chemical, optical, and mechanical techniques. It was shown that simple dip-coating of the substrate with dopamine under optimal conditions is sufficient to support metal layers with a good optical quality. Technologically relevant metal layer quality and adhesion were obtained with annealed and UV-treated polydopamine films and enhanced by plasma pretreatment of the substrate. The study shows that dopamine provides a new interfacial design for plastic metallization that can reduce energy consumption, use of hazardous substances, and reject rate during manufacturing. The results are essential findings for further technological developments of a universal platform to promote adhesion between plastics and metal or potentially also other material classes, enabling economic material development and more eco-friendly applications.We herein report an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based chemical sensor for multi-oxyanion detection with pattern recognition techniques. The oxyanions ubiquitously play versatile roles in biological systems, and accessing the chemical information they provide would potentially facilitate fundamental research in diagnosis and pharmacology. In this regard, phosphates in human blood serum would be a promising indicator for early case detection of significant diseases. Thus, the development of an easy-to-use chemical sensor for qualitative and quantitative detection of oxyanions is required in real-world scenarios. To this end, an extended-gate-type OFET has been functionalized with a metal complex consisting of 2,2'-dipicolylamine and a copper(II) ion (CuII-dpa), allowing a compact chemical sensor for oxyanion detection. The OFET combined with a uniform CuII-dpa-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the extended-gate gold electrode shows a cross-reactive response, which suggests a discriminatory power for pattern recognition. Indeed, the qualitative detection of 13 oxyanions (i.e., hydrogen monophosphate, pyrophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, terephthalate, phthalate, isophthalate, malonate, oxalate, lactate, benzoate, and acetate) has been demonstrated by only using a single OFET-based sensor with linear discriminant analysis, which has shown 100% correct classification. The OFET has been further applied to the quantification of hydrogen monophosphate in human blood serum using a support vector machine (SVM). The multiple predictions of hydrogen monophosphate at 49 and 89 μM have been successfully realized with low errors, which indicates that the OFET-based sensor with pattern recognition techniques would be a practical sensing platform for medical assays. We believe that a combination of the OFET functionalized with the SAM-based recognition scaffold and powerful pattern recognition methods can achieve multi-analyte detection from just a single sensor.External-stimuli-driven soft actuators overcome several limitations inherent in traditional mechanical-driven technology considering the coming age of flexible robots, which might face harsh working conditions and rigorous multifunctional requirements. However, how to achieve multi-external-stimuli response, fast speed, and precise control of the position and angle of the actuator, especially working in a toxic liquid or vapor environment, still requires long-term efforts. Here, we report a multi-external-stimuli-driven sandwich actuator with aligned carbon nanotubes as the constructive subject, which can respond to various types of liquids (organic solvents), vapor, and solar light. The actuator has an ultrafast response speed ( less then 10 ms) and can accurately adjust the bending angle range from 0° to 180°. Through manipulating the stimuli positions, actuators can be wound into varied turns when simulating a flexible robotic arm. Hence, liquid/vapor/light-driven actuators are able to support diverse programmable motions, such as periodic blooming, gesture variations, caterpillar crawling, toxic surface evading, and bionic phototaxis. We believe that this multifunctional actuator is promising in supporting a complex scenario to complete a variety of tasks in the fields of healthcare, bioengineering, chip technology, and mobile sensors.The reduction of CO2 to useful chemicals by solar irradiation has been of great interest in recent years to tackle the greenhouse effect. Compared with inorganic metal oxide particles, carbonaceous materials, such as graphene, are excellent in light absorption; however, they lack in activity and selectivity because of the challenge to manipulate the band gap and optimize the electron-hole separation, which drives the photoreduction process. In this work, inspired by the delicate natural plant leaf structure, we fabricated orderly stacked graphene nanobubble arrays with nitrogen dopant for the coordination of noble metal atoms to mimic the natural photoreduction process in plant leaves. This graphene metamaterial not only mimics the optical structure of leaf cells, which scatter and absorb light efficiently, but also drives the CO2 reduction via nitrogen coordinated metal atoms as the chlorophyll does in plants. Our characterizations show that the band gap of nitrogen-doped graphene could be precisely tailored via substitution with different noble metal atoms on the doped site. The noble atoms coordinated on the doped site of graphene metamaterial not only enlarge the light absorption volume but also maximize the utilization of noble metals. The bionic optical leaf metamaterial coordinated with Au atoms exhibits high CO productivity up to 11.14 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and selectivity to 95%, standing as one of the best catalysts among the carbonaceous and metal-based catalysts reported to date. This catalyst also maintained a high performance at low temperatures, manifesting potential applications of this bionic catalyst at polar regions to reduce greenhouse gases.Extensive research over past few decades has highlighted the challenges of chemotherapy and prompted the need for multimodality therapy because chemotherapy alone cannot fully eradicate the tumor due to physiological barriers in its effective delivery and systemic side effects. It can be mitigated by adopting nanoparticles as more effective delivery method, but none of them completely prevents drug toxicities. Utilizing multiple therapeutic modes such as phototherapy that can act synergistically with chemotherapy in controlling tumor growth, while reducing the overall dosage, could become a preferred route for cancer management. Careful selection of nanoparticle system, which can simultaneously deliver both drug and photosensitizer, can significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome. Therefore, in this paper, we report development and potential of immune-compatible and long circulating nanoerythrosomes for enhancing the therapeutic potential of camptothecin and indocyanine green against murine cancer model. The RBCs membrane simultaneously loaded the nonpolar drug and amphiphilic photosensitizer in its lipid bilayer, which self-assembled to form stable nanoparticles. These nano constructs absorbed light in the near-infrared region and hence are suitable for targeting deep seated tissues. The dual chemo-phototherapy had great effect on cell viability and had therapeutic value.The design and development of wide band gap (WBG) polymer donors are critical for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in polymer solar cells. In this work, four WBG polymer donors, Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7, with different numbers and positions of fluorine substitution (n = 0, 2, 2, and 4, respectively) were prepared, and the effect of fluorination on their photovoltaic performance was systematically investigated. When blended with a small-molecule electron acceptor MeIC, the devices based on Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 showed PCEs of 10.34, 11.06, 5.26, and 0.48%, respectively. When coupled with a low band gap polymer acceptor PYIT to fabricate all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), while the other three polymers (Q5-Q7) exhibited much lower PCEs in the range of 0.12-6.71%, the Q4 polymer-based all-PSCs showed the highest PCE of 15.06%, comparable to that of the devices fabricated with the star polymer donor PM6 (PCE = 15.00%). Detailed physicochemical and morphological studies revealed that an over-substitution of F in Q7 results in undesired low-lying HOMO levels and phase separation with the acceptors, thus resulting in its inferior PCEs. Moreover, the less F-substitution and controlling of the positions of F-substitution position in Q4 and Q5 can improve the HOMO energy level matching as well as morphologies between these two polymers with the acceptors, which in turn gives rise to higher performances. Clearly, our results indicate that Q4 is a promising donor candidate for high-performance all-PSCs, and the fine-tuning of both the number and positions of F-substitution in the polymer backbone is essential in developing high-performance WBG polymer donors.The emergence of CRISPR/Cas technology has enabled scientists to precisely edit genomic DNA sequences. This approach can be used to modulate gene expression for the treatment of genetic disorders and incurable diseases such as cancer. This potent genome-editing tool is based on a single guide RNA (sgRNA) strand that recognizes the targeted DNA, plus a Cas nuclease protein for binding and processing the target. CRISPR/Cas has great potential for editing many genes in different types of cells and organisms both in vitro and in vivo. Despite these remarkable advances, the risk of off-target effects has hindered the translation of CRISPR/Cas technology into clinical applications. To overcome this hurdle, researchers have devised gene regulatory systems that can be controlled in a spatiotemporal manner, by designing special sgRNA, Cas, and CRISPR/Cas delivery vehicles that are responsive to different stimuli, such as temperature, light, magnetic fields, ultrasound (US), pH, redox, and enzymatic activity. These systems can even respond to dual or multiple stimuli simultaneously, thereby providing superior spatial and temporal control over CRISPR/Cas gene editing. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on smart sgRNA, Cas, and CRISPR/Cas nanocarriers, categorized according to their stimulus type (physical, chemical, or biological).Formation of type II heterojunctions is a promising strategy to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of water-splitting photoanodes, which has been tremendously studied. However, there have been few studies focusing on the formation of type II heterojunctions depending on the thickness of the overlayer. Here, enhanced photoelectrochemical activities of a Fe2O3 film deposited-BiVO4/WO3 heterostructure with different thicknesses of the Fe2O3 layer have been investigated. The Fe2O3 (10 nm)/BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction photoanode shows a much higher photocurrent density compared to the Fe2O3 (100 nm)/BiVO4/WO3 photoanode. The Fe2O3 (10 nm)/BiVO4/WO3 trilayer heterojunction anodes have sequential type II junctions, while a thick Fe2O3 overlayer forms an inverse type II junction between Fe2O3 and BiVO4. Furthermore, the incident-photon-to-current efficiency measured under back-illumination is higher than those measured under front-illumination, demonstrating the importance of the illumination sequence for light absorption and charge transfer and transport.
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