Notes

"I made a oversight!": A story analysis regarding knowledgeable physicians' tales of avoidable error.
Diamond-structured colloidal photonic crystals are much sought-after for their applications in visible light management because of their ability to support a complete photonic band gap (PBG). However, their realization via self-assembly pathways is a long-standing challenge. This challenge is rooted in three fundamental problems the design of building blocks that assemble into diamond-like structures, the sensitivity of the PBG to stacking faults, and ensuring that the PBG opens at an experimentally attainable refractive index. Here we address these problems simultaneously using a multipronged computational approach. We use reverse engineering to establish the design principles for the rod-connected diamond structure (RCD), the so-called "champion" photonic crystal. We devise two distinct self-assembly routes for designer triblock patchy colloidal rods, both proceeding via tetrahedral clusters to yield a mixed phase of cubic and hexagonal polymorphs closely related to RCD. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show how these routes avoid a metastable amorphous phase. Finally, we show that both the polymorphs support spectrally overlapping PBGs. Importantly, randomly stacked hybrids of these polymorphs also display PBGs, thus circumventing the requirement of polymorph selection in a scalable fabrication method.A new syndrome of diabetes, short stature, microcephaly and intellectual disability has been described in association with mutations in the tRNA methyltransferase 10 homologue A (TRMT10A) gene. We report a patient who presented with fasting hyperglycemia, a raised HbA1C and positive islet cell autoantibodies. Additional clinical features included intellectual disability, hypoplastic kidneys and short stature. In view of syndromic features alongside diabetes, genetic evaluation was carried out revealing a homozygous mutation in the TRMT10A gene (c.616G>A, p.G206R). The case highlights the importance of genetic evaluation of patients with diabetes with atypical features that can further progress our understanding of the pathophysiology of the rarer subtypes of diabetes.Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is extremely rare in children. Herein, we present a case diagnosed with PTC at 15 months of age. We conducted a literature review of the published cases with PTC under five years of age. A 13/12 -year-old male patient had initially presented with a complaint of progressively enlarging cervical mass that appeared four months ago. On physical examination, a mass located on the anterior cervical with the largest measuring 3x3cm was detected. Cervical and thyroid ultrasonography showed a 50x27 mm in size solid mass in the right lateral neck. Excisional biopsy revealed a follicular variant of PTC with capsular invasion. Subsequently, he underwent a complementary total thyroidectomy. He was diagnosed with intermediate-risk (T3N0M0) PTC. He developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. At the first year of the operation, he was treated with radioiodine ablation (RAI) since basal and stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels tended to increase. Whole body scintigraphy was normal in the first year of RAI ablation. On LT4 treatment, levels of TSH and Tg were adequately suppressed. He is now 86/12-year-old and disease-free on LT4 suppression therapy for seven years and three months. PTC has different biological behavior and a great prognosis compared to adults. The optimal treatment strategy for pediatric TC is total thyroidectomy, followed by RAI ablation. A regular follow-up with TSH suppression by thyroxin, serial thyroglobulin evaluation, and radioiodine scanning, when indicated, are the necessary follow-up procedures.
To review the effect of obesity on the effectiveness of posterior lumbar fusion in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD).

The related literature at home and abroad was extensively reviewed. And the difficulty of operation, risk of complications, and long-term effectiveness of posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients with LDD were summarized.

Although some relevant literature suggest that the posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients is difficult and the risk of postoperative complications is high, the overall research results do not suggest that obesity is a risk factor for the implementation of posterior lumbar fusion. By assessing the physical condition of patients and strictly grasping the surgical indications, obese patients can obtain good surgical efficacy.

Posterior lumbar fusion is an effective method for the treatment of LDD in obese patients. However, relevant studies need to be completed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients.
Posterior lumbar fusion is an effective method for the treatment of LDD in obese patients. However, relevant studies need to be completed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients.
To summarize research progress of change in bone mineral density (BMD) after knee arthroplasty and its diagnostic methods, influencing factors, and drug prevention and treatment.

The relevant literature at home and abroad was reviewed and summarized from research status of the advantages and disadvantages of BMD assessment methods, the trend of changes in BMD after knee arthroplasty and its influencing factors, and the differences in effectiveness of drugs.

The central BMD and mean BMD around the prosthesis decrease after knee arthroplasty, which is closely associated with body position, age, weight, daily activities, and the fixation methods, design, and material of prosthesis. Denosumab, bisphosphonates, and teriparatide
can decrease BMD loss after knee arthroplasty.

BMD after knee arthroplasty decreases, which is related to various factors, but the mechanism is unclear. At present, some inhibitors of bone resorption can decrease BMD loss after knee arthroplasty. However, its long-term efficacy remains to be further explored.
BMD after knee arthroplasty decreases, which is related to various factors, but the mechanism is unclear. At present, some inhibitors of bone resorption can decrease BMD loss after knee arthroplasty. However, its long-term efficacy remains to be further explored.
To systematically review the progress of different methods for femoral tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and provide a clinical reference for treatment of ACL rupture.

The literature about the femoral tunnel positioning in ACL reconstruction was widely reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages and the clinical results of each method were summarized.

Currently in ACL reconstruction, methods for femoral tunnel positioning include transtibial technique (TT), anteromedial technique (AM), outside-in (OI), modified TT (mTT), and computer assisted surgery. There is no significant difference in the postoperative effectiveness between TT technique and AM technique. Compared with the TT technique, the OI technique has higher rotational stability of knee, but there is no significant difference in clinical results. The femoral tunnel located by mTT technique is closer to the anatomical placement than that of TT technique, but mTT technique is not effective for systematically anatomic femoral tunnel positioning, and further research is needed to prove its advantages.

Different femoral tunnel positioning methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no definite evidence that one is superior than the rest.
Different femoral tunnel positioning methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no definite evidence that one is superior than the rest.
To review the recent research progress of different types of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

By searching the PubMed database, a systematic review had been carried out for the results of applying different types of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke between 2000 and 2020.

Stem cells can be transplanted via intracranial, intravascular, cerebrospinal fluid, and intranasal route in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Paracrine and cell replacement are the two major mechanisms of the therapy. The researches have mainly focused on utilization of neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of capability of migration, survival rate, and safety. Certain stem cell therapies have completed phase one clinical trial.

Stem cells transplantation is feasible and has a great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, albeit that certain obstacles, including the selection of stem cells, transplantation strategy, migration ability, survival rate, still wait to be solved.
Stem cells transplantation is feasible and has a great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, albeit that certain obstacles, including the selection of stem cells, transplantation strategy, migration ability, survival rate, still wait to be solved.
After using hyaluronic acid (HA) to modify curcumin (CUR), the effects of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) combined with HA/CUR on the proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts were investigated.

First, HA and CUR were esterified and covalently combined to prepare HA/CUR, and the characteristics were observed and the infrared spectrum was tested. Then, HA, CUR, and HA/CUR were mixed with CPC according to 5% (
/
) to prepare HA-CPC, CUR-CPC, and HA/CUR-CPC, respectively. Setting time detection, scanning electron microscope observation, injectable performance test, and compression strength test were conducted; and the CPC was used as a control. Osteoblasts were isolated and cultured from the skull of newborn Sprague Dawley rats, and the 2nd generation cells were cultured with the 4 types of bone cement, respectively. The effects of HA/CUR-CPC on the proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts were estimated by the scanning electron microscopy observation, live/dead cell fluorescence staining, cell c-CPC has good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, which can promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts.
HA/CUR-CPC has good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, which can promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts.
To detect the difference in the osteogenesis ability of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic granular materials with different mesoporous diameters prepared at different sintering temperatures through
and
experiments, so as to provide evidence for screening BCP materials with better clinical application parameters.

Three kinds of BCP (materials 1, 2, 3) were prepared by mixing hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) at a ratio of 8∶2 and sintered at 1 050, 1 150, and 1 250℃ for 3 hours, respectively. The internal porosity and the diameter, volume, and area of the mesopore were measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller test (BET); the composition of the material was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD); the microscopic surface morphology of the material was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 3rd generation bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from Sprague-Dawley rats were co-cultured with the materials 1, 2, and 3 for 7 days
respectively (groups A, B, and C), and the cells adhesion on the materials was observed by SEM and phalloidine staining, respectively.
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