Notes

Heart renovating throughout extra tricuspid vomiting: We shouldn't let appear after dark tricuspid annulus diameter?
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter associated with huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of the citrus industry. The use of genetically modified plants is an alternative to control this vector. Conversely, technology based on RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing specific genes of a target insect could be attempted. This work evaluated the knockdown effect of the target genes calreticulin (DcCRT), laccase (DcLAC), and Snf7 (DcSnf7) by RNAi through feeding D. citri in Murraya paniculata leaves after the uptake of an aqueous solution with dsRNA homologous to each vector target gene. Confocal microscopy revealed the uptake of the fluorescent-labeled dsRNA by detached leaves and the symplastic movement, allowing the ingestion by the feeding insect. A reduction in the survival rate was observed only 144 h after the beginning of feeding with dsRNA targeting DcSnf7; however, no reduction in transcript accumulation. The knockdown of the DcCRT and DcLAC genes was detected only 12 and 96 h after insect feeding, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in amino acid excretion from insects fed with dsRNA targets to DcCRT and DcLAC was observed 120 h after the beginning of feeding. However, the effects of the dsRNAs tested here appear to be minimal, both at the transcriptional and phenotype levels. For most concentrations and time points, no effects were observed. Therefore, the knockdown of genes DcCRT, DcLAC, and DcSnf7 do not appear to have the potential to control of D. citri through RNAi-mediated gene silencing.In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the world has woken up to the importance of biosecurity and the need to manage international borders. Yet strong sectorial identities exist within biosecurity that are associated with specific international standards, individual economic interests, specific research communities, and unique stakeholder involvement. Despite considerable research addressing human, animal, plant, and environmental health, the science connections between these sectors remain quite limited. One Biosecurity aims to address these limitations at global, national, and local scales. It is an interdisciplinary approach to biosecurity policy and research that builds on the interconnections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health to effectively prevent and mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species. It provides an integrated perspective to address the many biosecurity risks that transcend the traditional boundaries of health, agriculture, and the environment. Individual invasive alien plant and animal species often have multiple impacts across sectors as hosts of zoonotic parasites, vectors of pathogens, pests of agriculture or forestry, as well as threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function. It is time these risks were addressed in a systematic way. One Biosecurity is essential to address several major sociological and environmental challenges to biosecurity climate change, increasing urbanisation, agricultural intensification, human global mobility, loss of technical capability as well as public resistance to pesticides and vaccines. One Biosecurity will require the bringing together of taxonomists, population biologists, modellers, economists, chemists, engineers, and social scientists to engage in a new agenda that is shaped by politics, legislation, and public perceptions.Na+-K+-ATPase from mice lacking the γ subunit exhibits decreased thermal stability. Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are small homologous proteins that regulate sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) with properties similar to the γ subunit, through physical interactions with SERCAs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PLN and SLN may protect against thermal inactivation of SERCAs. HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with different combinations of cDNAs encoding SERCA2a, PLN, a PLN mutant (N34A) that cannot bind to SERCA2a, and SLN. One-half of the cells were heat stressed at 40°C for 1 h (HS), and one-half were maintained at 37°C (CTL) before harvesting the cells and isolating microsomes. Compared with CTL, maximal SERCA activity was reduced by 25-35% following HS in cells that expressed either SERCA2a alone or SERCA2a and mutant PLN (N34A) whereas no change in maximal SERCA2a activity was observed in cells that co-expressed SERCA2a and either PLN or SLN following HS. Increases in SERCA2a carbonyl group content and nitrotyrosine levels that were detected following HS in cells that expressed SERCA2a alone were prevented in cells co-expressing SERCA2a with PLN or SLN, whereas co-expression of SERCA2a with mutant PLN (N34A) only prevented carbonyl group formation. In other experiments using knock-out mice, we found that thermal inactivation of SERCA was increased in cardiac left ventricle samples from Pln-null mice and in diaphragm samples from Sln-null mice, compared with WT littermates. Our results show that both PLN and SLN form a protective interaction with SERCA pumps during HS, preventing nitrosylation and oxidation of SERCA and thus preserving its maximal activity.Science education is most effective when it provides authentic experiences that reflect professional practices and approaches that address issues relevant to students' lives and communities. Such educational experiences are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and can be enhanced using digital fabrication. Digital fabrication is the process of designing objects for the purpose of fabricating with machinery such as 3D-printers, laser cutters, and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. Historically, these types of tools have been exceptionally costly and difficult to access; however, recent advancements in technological design have been accompanied by decreasing prices. In this review, we first establish the historical and theoretical foundations that support the use of digital fabrication as a pedagogical strategy to enhance learning. We specifically chose to focus attention on 3D-printing because this type of technology is becoming increasingly advanced, affordable, and widely available. We systematically reviewed the last 20 years of literature that characterized the use of 3D-printing in biological education, only finding a total of 13 articles that attempted to investigate the benefits for student learning. While the pedagogical value of student-driven creation is strongly supported by educational literature, it was challenging to make broad claims about student learning in relation to using or creating 3D-printed models in the context of biological education. Additional studies are needed to systematically investigate the impact of student-driven creation at the intersection of biology and engineering or computer science education.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for generating and potentiating pain responses. This double-blinded crossover study assessed NGF-evoked pain in healthy humans after repeated NGF injections in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle compared with control injections of isotonic saline.

Twenty healthy subjects participated in two experimental phases; each consisted of seven sessions over 21 days.

At day0, day2, and day4, a low-dose NGF (1µg) was injected. Data on daily self-reported muscle pain (using a Likert scale) were collected. Data on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), pain evoked by nonischemic and ischemic muscle contractions (using a numerical rating scale [NRS]), pressure pain detection (PDT), and pain tolerance thresholds (PTTs) to cuff algometry were recorded before day0 and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 21days after the first injection. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were recorded to assess central pain mechanisms.

Likert scores remained elevated for 9days after NGF injection (P<0.05). PPTs at the TA muscle were decreased at day1 until day7 after NGF injection compared with day0 (P=0.05). In subjects presenting with NGF-induced muscle hyperalgesia, pain NRS scores evoked by nonischemic contractions were higher after NGF injection at day4 and day7 (P<0.04) compared with the control condition. At all time points, higher pain NRS scores were found with ischemic compared with nonischemic contractions (P<0.05). The pain NRS after ischemic contractions was elevated following prolonged NGF hyperalgesia at day7 compared with the control condition and day0 (P<0.04). The PDT, PTT, TSP, and CPM remained unchanged during the period of NGF-induced hyperalgesia.

Repeated low-dose NGF injections maintain muscle pain and potentiate pain evoked by ischemic contractions during prolonged NGF hyperalgesia.
Repeated low-dose NGF injections maintain muscle pain and potentiate pain evoked by ischemic contractions during prolonged NGF hyperalgesia.Health promotion (HP) capacity of staff and institutions is critical for health-promoting programmes to address social determinants of health and effectively contribute to disease prevention. HP capacity mapping initiatives are the first step to identify gaps to guide capacity strengthening and inform resource allocation. In low-and-middle-income countries, there is limited evidence on HP capacity. We assessed collective and institutional capacity to prioritize, plan, deliver, monitor and evaluate HP within the South African Department of Health (DoH). A concurrent mixed methods study that drew on data collected using a participatory HP capacity assessment tool. We held five 1-day workshops (one national, two provincial and two districts) with DoH staff (n = 28). Participants completed self-assessments of collective capacity across three areas technical, coordinating and systems capacity using a four-point Likert scale. HP capacity scores were analysed and presented as means with standard deviations (SDs). Thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts of audio-recorded group discussions that provided rationale and evidence for scores were conducted using deductive and inductive codes. At all levels, groups revealed that capacity to develop long-term, sustainable HP interventions was limited. We found limited collaboration between national and provincial HP levels. There was limited monitoring of HP indicators in the health information system. Coordination of HP efforts across different sectors was largely absent. Lack of capacity in budgeting emerged as a major challenge, with few resources available to conduct HP activities at any level. Overall, the capacity mean score was 2.08/4.00 (SD = 0.83). There is need to overcome institutional barriers, and strengthen capacity for HP implementation, support and evaluation within the South African DoH.Toxicological risk assessment approaches are increasingly being used in lieu of animal testing to address toxicological concerns associated with release of chemical constituents from polymeric medical device components. These approaches currently rely on in vitro extraction testing in aggressive environments to estimate patient exposure to these constituents, but the clinical relevance of the test results is often ambiguous. Physics-based mass transport models can provide a framework to interpret extraction test results to provide more clinically relevant exposure estimates. However, the models require system-specific material properties, such as diffusion (D) and partition coefficients (K), to be established a priori for the extraction conditions. Using systems comprised high-density polyethylene and 4 different additives, we demonstrate that these properties can be quantified through standard extraction testing in hexane and isopropyl alcohol. The values of D and K derived in this manner were consistent with theoretical predictions for these quantities. Based on these results, we discuss both the challenges and benefits to leveraging extraction data to parameterize physics-based exposure models. Our observations suggest that clinically relevant, yet still conservative, exposure dose estimates provided by applying this approach to a single extraction measurement can be more than 100 times lower than would be measured under typical aggressive extraction conditions. However, to apply the framework on a routine basis, limiting values of D and K must be established for device-relevant systems either through the aggregation and analysis of more extensive extraction test data and/or advancements in theoretical and computational modeling efforts to predict these quantities.Researchers and policymakers acknowledge sports clubs (SCs) as health promoting settings. Limited research links the health promoting sports club (HPSC) concept with evidence-driven strategies to provide SCs guidance to develop health promotion (HP) interventions. As implementation science insists on theoretically grounded interventions, the present work's objective was to provide SCs an evidence-driven intervention framework for planning, developing and implementing HP initiatives. Four iteratively sequenced steps were undertaken (i) investigation of 'health promoting' indicators, (ii) adaptation of the HPSC concept to create the HPSC model, (iii) formulation of published evidence-driven guidelines into strategies and implementable intervention components (ICs) and (iv) merging the HPSC model with the ICs to create an intervention planning framework for SCs. First, researchers drafted five HPSC indicators. Second, they defined three SC levels (macro, meso and micro) and four health determinants (organizational, environmental, economic and social) to create an HPSC model. Third, researchers used published guidelines to develop 14 strategies with 55 ICs. Fourth, three workshops (one each with French master-level sport students, French sport and health professionals and Swedish sport and health professionals) had participants classify the ICs into the model. The HPSC model and intervention framework are starting points to plan, select and deliver interventions to increase SC HP. This planning framework is usable in several ways (i) clubs can apply strategies to achieve specific goals, (ii) clubs can target specific levels with corresponding ICs and (iii) ICs can be used to address particular health determinants.This study aimed to examine the Iranian local communities' readiness stage to engage with childhood obesity prevention programs for late primary school children in districts 2 and 16 of Tehran as the representatives of high and low socio-economic districts, respectively. First, a Delphi approach was conducted to assess the socio-cultural necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of the community readiness model and its dimensions as a planning basis for childhood obesity prevention program(s) in Iran. Then, the community readiness interview guide's translation, modification, content and face validity were performed. Finally, 66 interviews with key informants were conducted and scored to assess community readiness. The socio-cultural necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of community readiness model and its dimensions were confirmed by Delphi participants and two questions were added to the interview guide. Content and face validity of the interview guide were at acceptable levels. Assessment of the community readiness based on the key informants' perspective showed that the overall mean readiness score of targeted local communities was 4.61 ± 0.54 and 4.22 ± 0.26 in high and low socio-economic districts, respectively, corresponded to 'preplanning stage'. The highest score was 5.00 ± 0.48 correspond to the 'preparation stage', which belonged to girls' schools in district 2. Small differences were found in the readiness stage of local communities by sex and socio-economic status of schools. The results highlight the need to increase community awareness, gain their support to recognize childhood obesity as a priority, address cultural misconceptions and improve the obesity prevention programs to achieve a higher level of readiness.Given the growing market for health-enhancing or functional foods in Iran, the consumption rate is low. Identifying and understanding the causes is key for future decisions and interventions in the market. So, the present study was designed to provide this knowledge in Iran. The study was conducted in Tehran, the capital of Iran, between May and September 2014. In total, 105 people participated in this qualitative research, including 40 production/supply/health authority stakeholders and 65 consumer stakeholders (44 housewives and 21 employed women). The sampling strategy was the purposive method with maximum diversity, and snowball sampling was used to identify key stakeholders. The social marketing framework was used for analyzing the participants' views and experiences. To collect data, semi-structured focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted. Data collection and content analysis were performed simultaneously, using MAXQDA® software. Categorization of the findings based on social marketing mix showed that the most important barriers to the consumption of functional dairy products were undesirable sensory and non-sensory characteristics, lack of physical and economic access to the product, the existence of product competitors in the market and inappropriate promotion strategies. Furthermore, personal barriers identified as a new dimension and included lack of knowledge about the product and its benefits, a negative attitude toward the product and personal taste and preference. Understanding these barriers might contribute to design and implement effective and appropriate interventions to increase the consumption of these products among consumers.Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), commonly occurring in the aged population, is a degenerative disease that dilate and weaken infrarenal aorta due to progressive degeneration of aortic wall integrity. Vinpocetine, a derivative of alkaloid vincamine, has long been used for cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment in the aged population. Recent studies have indicated that vinpocetine antagonizes occlusive vascular disorders such as intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. However, its role in vascular degenerative disease AAA remains unexplored. Herein, we determined the effect of vinpocetine on the formation of AAA as well as the intervention of pre-existing moderate AAA. AAA was induced by periaortic elastase application in C57BL/6J mice. Systemic vinpocetine treatment was applied daily via intraperitoneal injection. We showed that vinpocetine pre-treatment remarkably attenuated aneurysmal dilation assessed by diameter and volume. More importantly, vinpocetine also significantly suppressed the progression of pre-existing moderate AAA in a post-intervention model. Vinpocetine improved multiple cellular and molecular changes associated with AAA, such as elastin degradation, media smooth muscle cell depletion, collagen fibers remodeling and macrophage infiltration in aneurysmal tissues. Vinpocetine potently suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation and proinflammatory mediator expression in primary cultured macrophages in vitro, as well as in the aorta wall in vivo, suggesting vinpocetine conferred anti-AAA effect at least partially via the inhibition of inflammation. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel role of vinpocetine in AAA formation, development and progression. Given the excellent safety profile of vinpocetine, the present study suggests vinpocetine may be a novel therapeutic agent for AAA prevention and treatment.The present study aimed to construct a novel signature for indicating the prognostic outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. The prognosis-related genes with differential expression were identified with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), univariate analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). With the stepwise regression analysis, a risk score was constructed based on the expression levels of five genes Risk score = (-0.7736* CCNB2) + (1.0083* DYNC1LI1) + (-0.6755* KIF11) + (0.9588* SPC25) + (1.5237* KIF18A), which can be applied as a signature for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. The prediction capacity of the risk score for overall survival was validated with both TCGA and ICGC cohorts. The 1-, 3- and 5-year ROC curves were plotted, in which the AUC was 0.842, 0.726 and 0.699 in TCGA cohort and 0.734, 0.691 and 0.700 in ICGC cohort, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of the five genes were determined in clinical tumor and normal specimens with immunohistochemistry. The novel signature has exhibited good prediction efficacy for the overall survival of HCC patients.Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), has remained the most challenging pest of commercial pears in Washington and Oregon, the top producers of pears in the United States. The lack of effective integrated pest management tactics for this pest has been a major barrier to effective management. In this study, we examined the potential for reflective plastic mulch affixed beneath pear trees to suppress pear psylla. In 2017 and 2018, single pear tree (cv. Bartlett) plots of reflective plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, and no mulch (check) were established in a research orchard to compare their effects on pear psylla. Arthropods were sampled every 7-14 d from March through late summer. In both years, reflective mulch plots had significantly fewer pear psylla adults, eggs, and nymphs of the first generation compared with black plastic and check plots. However, later generations of psylla were not suppressed by reflective mulch. Semi-field tests were conducted in 2019 and 2020 using uniformly pruned potted pear trees on either reflective plastic mulch or grass to determine whether summerform adults were tolerant to reflected light from mulch, or if shading from vegetative growth negated the effect of the mulch. In both years, significantly fewer summerform adults and eggs were found in reflective mulch plots, suggesting that shading, rather than summerform tolerance, reduced effects from reflective mulch in the summer. This study demonstrates the potential for reflective mulch to suppress pear psylla and justifies future examination as part of a season-long management program.Silicon (Si) is an element that can improve the growth and development of rice plants in water-deficient environments because it is an enzymatic stimulant, signaling for production of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between water deficiency and the effect of Si on two rice cultivars whose seeds were treated with dietholate. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, and treatments were organized in a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement three water soil conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (WRC) and complete submergence in a water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate); and four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area and shoot and root dry weight increased at higher rates of Si under the three soil water regimes. There was an increase in superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity in the cultivars at higher rates of Si, reducing lipid peroxidation caused by water deficiency. Therefore, Si did indeed attenuate water deficiency stress in rice plants emerging from seeds treated with dietholate.The mortality of the Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) larvae caused by the kaolin inert powder and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were determined under laboratory conditions. Using the caterpillar submersion method, the CG 138 B. bassiana isolate was more pathogenic to A. argillacea than the CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634, and ESALQ 645. All five tested isolates caused similar mortality of C. includens. The mortality of first-instar larvae of A. argillacea and C. includens by feeding on leaf-disc impregnated with B. bassiana (CG 138) and kaolin was also determined. Higher A. argillacea mortalities were observed in the B. bassiana (CG 138) treatments, regardless of the presence of kaolin. However, the activity of kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) against C. includens was higher than each ingredient alone, indicating an additive action against C. includes larvae. The mortality of A. argillacea and C. includens larvae treated with kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) was similar, and the A. argillacea mortality was higher than that of C. includens with kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) separated. The treatment kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) is promising for the simultaneous management of these two defoliator pests, mainly A. includes. In addition, the monophagous A. argillacea is more susceptible to both kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) than the polyphagous C. includens, suggesting that the nutritional ecology plays an important role in the susceptibility of these defoliator species to alternative insecticides.This checklist of parasites of Kerodon rupestris, an endemic rodent from the Brazilian semiarid region, revealed records of 25 enteroparasite taxa comprising Cestoda (Anoplocephalidae), Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda (Ancylostomidae, Ascarididae, Heterakidae, Oxyuridae, Pharyngodonidae, Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Trichostrongylidae, and Strongyloididae), and two taxa of coccidian. Paleoparasitological and parasitological studies published until 2019 were assessed in the present study and locality information, site of infection, sample dating, and host data were summarized from each reference. Analyses of recent feces and coprolites revealed the highest species richness in the Piauí State. The chronological data corroborated that Trichuris spp. and oxyurids are part of the parasitic fauna of K. rupestris. This represents the first checklist of intestinal parasites from K. rupestris.Although currently there is already a set of studies regarding ecological aspects of some particular reptile and amphibian species living in Brazilian sandy coastal plains (including the so-called "restinga" and "campo nativo" habitats), there is comparatively few information on the species composition usually associated to these environments. During 31 years (1988-2019) of herpetological studies carried out in sandy coastal plains environments by our research team of the Laboratory of Vertebrate Ecology (Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro Brazil) we have surveyed reptile and amphibian communities and performed different studies with similar methods in 70 sites from 10 different states along the Brazilian coast. Our surveys resulted in records of 87 species of reptile (five turtles, two crocodylians, six amphisbaenians, 36 lizards and 39 snakes) from 24 families, and 77 species of anuran amphibians from nine families. We have studied multiple natural history topns.Apoptosis is a sequential order of cell death occurring regularly to ensure a homeostatic balance between the rate of cell formation and cell death. However, a misplaced of this balancing function can contribute to an abnormal cell growth / proliferation or autoimmune disorders etc. Apoptosis is therefore said to be crucial from the point of development of an embryo throughout the growth of an organism contributing to the renewal of tissues and also the getting rid of inflammatory cells. This review seeks to elaborate on the recent overview of the mechanism involved in apoptosis, some element and signal contributing to its function and inhibition together with how their malfunction contribute to a number of cancer related cases.The zooplankton communities often exhibit daily vertical migrations to avoid natural ultraviolet radiation and/or fish predation. However there is no information on this topic in Chilean North Patagonian lakes up to date. Therefore, this study deals with a first characterization of plankton crustacean daily vertical migration in two temperate, oligotrophic lakes (Villarrica and Panguipulli lakes, 39°S) in Southern Chile. Zooplankton were collected at different depths intervals (0-10m, 10-20 m, 20-30m, 30-40m) at early morning, middle day, evening and night in the studied site. The results revealed that zooplankton species (Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Neobosmina chilensis, Mesocyclops araucanus, and Tropocyclops prasinus) are abundant in surface zones at night, early morning and evening, whereas at middle day the zooplankton abundances are high at deep zones. The results agree with observations for Argentinean and North American lakes where these daily migration patterns in crustacean zooplankton species were reported due mainly natural ultraviolet radiation exposure, whereas for northern hemisphere lakes the vertical migration is due to combined effect of natural ultraviolet radiation and fish predation exposure.The validation of many anuran species is based on a strictly descriptive, morphological analysis of a small number of specimens with a limited geographic distribution. The Scinax Wagler, 1830 genus is a controversial group with many doubtful taxa and taxonomic uncertainties, due a high number of cryptic species. One example is the pair of species Scinax constrictus and Scinax nebulosus, which share a similar morphology. Scinax constrictus is restricted to the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, while S. nebulosus is widely distributed throughout northern South America. Despite the validation of many anuran species, discriminations based only on morphological traits is quite difficult due to the high conservative morphology of some groups. In this context, the present study uses mitochondrial and nuclear genes to provide a more consistent diagnosis and test the validity of S. constrictus as a distinct species from S. nebulosus, as well as evaluate the position of these taxa within the Scinax genus. The topologies obtained herein uphold the monophyletic status of Scinax based on all molecular markers assessed in this study, in all analytical approaches, with high levels of statistical support.Almost half of the Brazilian population has no access to sewage collection and treatment. Untreated effluents discharged in waters of reservoirs for human supply favor the flowering of cyanobacteria - and these microorganisms produce toxins, such as saxitoxin, which is a very potent neurotoxin present in reservoirs in the Northeast region. A recent study confirmed that chronic ingestion of neurotoxin-infected water associated with Zika virus infection could lead to a microcephaly-like outcome in pregnant mice. Cyanobacteria benefit from hot weather and organic matter in water, a condition that has been intensified by climate change, according to our previous studies. Considering the new findings, we emphasize that zika arbovirus is widespread and worsened when associated with climate change, especially in middle- or low-income countries with low levels of sanitation coverage.This case report aims to describe the conception and preliminary data of the implementation of a telescreening and telemonitoring program of covid-19 for users of the Unified Health System with risk conditions. A system of telerscreening was implemented through which undergraduate students in the health area contact patients by telephone, according to periodicity and predefined criteria, to monitor the evolution of the condition. In eight weeks, 2,190 attempts at remote contact were made with individuals from five health units. The effective number of individuals monitored at the time this writing is 802.
The numbers of cases of arboviral diseases have increased in tropical and subtropical regions while the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelms healthcare systems worldwide. The clinical manifestations of arboviral diseases, especially dengue fever, can be very similar to COVID-19, and misdiagnoses are still a reality. In the meantime, outcomes for patients and healthcare systems in situations of possible syndemic have not yet been clarified.

We set out to conduct a systematic review to understand and summarize the evidence relating to clinical manifestations, disease severity and prognoses among patients coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and arboviruses.

We conducted a rapid systematic review with meta-analysis, on prospective and retrospective cohorts, case-control studies and case series of patients with confirmed diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 and arboviral infection. We followed the Cochrane Handbook recommendations. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus and Web of Science to identify published, ongoing and unpublished studies. We planned to extract data and assess the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence of the studies included, using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment.

We were able to retrieve 2,407 citations using the search strategy, but none of the studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

The clinical presentations, disease severity and prognoses of patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and arboviruses remain unclear. Further prospective studies are necessary in order to provide useful information for clinical decision-making processes.

CRD42020183460.
CRD42020183460.
Cancer is a serious public issue problem worldwide. In Brazil, breast cancer is the most common type and cervical cancer is the third most frequent among women.

To analyze the temporal trend of coverage of mammography and cervical oncotic cytological testing, between 2007 and 2018.

Time-series study conducted in the 26 Brazilian state capitals and in the Federal District.

A linear regression model was used to estimate trends in coverage of mammography and cervical oncotic cytological testing over the period. The data collection system for Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) was used.

A significant increase in mammography coverage was observed, from 71.1% in 2007 to 78.0% in 2018. There was a trend towards an increase among women with 0 to 8 years of schooling, in all regions of Brazil. Regarding cervical oncotic cytological testing coverage, there was a trend towards stability during the period analyzed, reaching 81.7% in 2018. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the northern region.

There was an improvement in the coverage of these screening examinations, especially regarding mammography. However, it is still necessary to expand their provision, quality and surveillance, aimed towards women's health.
There was an improvement in the coverage of these screening examinations, especially regarding mammography. However, it is still necessary to expand their provision, quality and surveillance, aimed towards women's health.
Tumor protein p63 (p63) has been reported to be highly expressed in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Whether p63 can be treated as a diagnostic marker for GCTB remains unclear.

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the applicability of p63 in diagnosing GCTB.

Systematic review and meta-analysis carried out in a public hospital, Hong Kong, China.

We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 30, 2019. Literature in English or Chinese about the differential diagnosis of GCTB using p63 were included. -Animal experiments, reviews, correspondence, case reports, expert opinions and editorials were excluded. Studies were also excluded if they did not provide sufficient information to construct a 2 × 2 contingency table. We calculated individual and pooled sensitivities and specificities. We used I² as an indicator of heterogeneity.

Out of 88 records identified, 8 articles on 788 GCTB patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the present analysis. Bivariate analyses yielded a pooled mean sensitivity of 0.87 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.72-0.95) and specificity of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56-0.82) for using p63 as a biomarker in diagnosing GCTB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.88).

p63 is a helpful indicator in diagnosing GCTB due to its high sensitivity and specificity. -Nonetheless, the results need to be carefully interpreted based on other diagnostic methods such as imaging.

164115 (PROSPERO registration number).
164115 (PROSPERO registration number).
Prenatal toxoplasmosis remains a neglected disease worldwide and few government programs focusing on its prevention are available. Success in these programs has been extensively reported in the literature, yet the strategies used for their implementation, as a model for such actions in different communities, have not been described.

To describe the aspects of prenatal care strategies in 13 municipalities within the regional healthcare unit of Araçatuba, in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo in 2017, focusing on congenital toxoplasmosis.

Descriptive study on prenatal healthcare within the Brazilian National Health System, in 13 participating municipalities.

Data on serological tests, referral clinics, notifications, healthcare strategies, health education and drugs for infected children were requested through a questionnaire that was sent via e-mail to people responsible for healthcare services in these municipalities.

Major differences relating to diagnoses, reference outpatient clinics, notifications, health education and healthcare and drugs for infected children were reported among the prenatal strategies of these 13 municipal healthcare services.

The lack of standardized prenatal strategy in the study area may compromise the prevention of infection. However, our identification of each aspect of prenatal care corroborates the need to implement a healthcare surveillance program relating to congenital toxoplasmosis.
The lack of standardized prenatal strategy in the study area may compromise the prevention of infection. However, our identification of each aspect of prenatal care corroborates the need to implement a healthcare surveillance program relating to congenital toxoplasmosis.
Five months after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the country has the second highest number of cases in the world. Without any scientifically proven drug or vaccine available combined with COVID-19's high transmissivity, slowing down the spread of the infection is a challenge. In an attempt to save the economy, the Brazilian government is slowly beginning to allow non-essential services to reopen for in-person customers.

In this study, we analyze, based on data analysis and statistics, how other countries evolve and under which conditions they decided to resume normal activity. In addition, due to the heterogeneity of Brazil, we explore Brazilian data of COVID-19 from the State Health Secretaries to evaluate the situation of the pandemic within the states.

Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a number of important states are easing restrictions despite a high percentage of confirmed cases.

All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system.
All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system.
This work aims to develop a biomathematical transmission model of COVID-19, in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, to estimate the distribution of cases over time and project the impact on the spread of the epidemic outbreak due to interventions and control measures over the local population.

This is an epidemiological mathematical modeling study conducted to analyze the dynamics of the accumulated cases of COVID-19, which used a logistic growth model that adds a term of withdrawal of individuals as a control measure. Three possible COVID-19 propagation scenarios were simulated based on three different rates of withdrawal of individuals. They were adjusted with real data of the infected and measures of control over the population.

The lockdown would be the best scenario, with a lower incidence of infected people, when compared to the other measures. The number of infected people would grow slowly over the months, and the number of symptomatic individuals in this scenario would be 40,265 cases. We noticed that the State of Sergipe is still in the initial stage of the disease in the scenarios. It was possible to observe that the peak of cases and the equilibrium, in the current situation of social isolation, will occur when reaching the new support capacity, at the end of August in approximately 1,171,353 infected individuals.

We established that lockdown is the intervention with the highest ability to mitigate the spread of the virus among the population.
We established that lockdown is the intervention with the highest ability to mitigate the spread of the virus among the population.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare-related infections, affecting mainly patients with underlying diseases and immunosuppression. This microorganism has several virulence mechanisms that favour its pathogenesis, including the production of biofilm. This study aimed to analyze the phenotypic production of biofilms, the occurrence of quorum sensing (QS) genes, and the clonal profile of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from colonized/infected patients in a tertiary hospital in Recife-PE.

We obtained 21 isolates that were classified as infection isolates (II), and 10 colonization isolates (CI). The phenotypic analysis for biofilm production was performed quantitatively. The QS genes were detected by specific PCRs, and the clonal profile was assessed using ERIC-PCR.

Of the 31 isolates, 58.1 % (18/31) were biofilm producers, of which 70 % (7/10) were CI and classified as weakly adherent; 52.4 % (11/21) of the II produced biofilms, and were classified as weak (38.1 %, (8/21)), moderate (9.5 %, (2/21)), and strongly adherent (4.8 %, (1/21)). All isolates harbored the QS genes analyzed. In the clonal analysis, 26 distinct genetic profiles were identified, highlighting the presence of a clone in four samples, i.e., one infection isolate, and 3 colonization isolates.

The detection of biofilm formation is important in P. aeruginosa in addition to the identification of colonization and infection isolates, especially from complex environments such as ICUs. Further, we define a strategy for monitoring and analyzing P. aeruginosa strains that can potentially cause infections in hospitalized patients.
The detection of biofilm formation is important in P. aeruginosa in addition to the identification of colonization and infection isolates, especially from complex environments such as ICUs. Further, we define a strategy for monitoring and analyzing P. aeruginosa strains that can potentially cause infections in hospitalized patients.
Antibiotic resistance in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is acquired and disseminated mainly by plasmids. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of carbapenemase genes, analyze the genetic diversity by ERIC-PCR, and examine the most common plasmid incompatibility groups (Incs) in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from colonization and infection in patients from a hospital in Brazil.

Twenty-seven isolates of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were selected and screened for the presence of carbapenemase genes and Incs by PCR, followed by amplicon sequencing.

The bla KPC and bla NDM genes were detected in 24 (88.8 %) and 16 (59.2 %) of the isolates, respectively. Thirteen isolates (48.1 %) were positive for both genes. The IncFIB (92.6 %) and IncQ (88.8 %) were the most frequent plasmids, followed by IncA/C, IncHI1B, and IncL/M, indicating that plasmid variability existed in these isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IncHI1B in Brazil. We found eight isolates with clonal relationship distributed in different sectors of the hospital.

The accumulation of resistance determinants, the variability of plasmid Incs, and the clonal dissemination detected in K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrate their potential for infection, colonization, and the dissemination of different resistance genes and plasmids.
The accumulation of resistance determinants, the variability of plasmid Incs, and the clonal dissemination detected in K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrate their potential for infection, colonization, and the dissemination of different resistance genes and plasmids.
Schistosomiasis, caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni, is a disease that represents an important public health problem for Brazil, especially for states in the Northeast region. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new epidemiological profile for the disease in a municipality with low prevalence in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.

A cross-sectional study was conducted through a coproparasitological and malacological survey. A structured questionnaire was applied to the study participants to survey possible risk factors and a spatial analysis (kernel density) was used to measure the risk of infection.

Of the 347 participants, 106 (30.5%) were infected by Schistosoma mansoni, most of them from the urban area of the municipality (68.9%; 73/106). A 3-fold risk of infection was found for individuals living in the urban area and a risk of 2.15 times for self-declared farmers. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were the species found in the municipality, but no animals were diagnosed as infected by the parasite. Spatial analysis showed a random distribution of vectors and human cases of the disease, and the formation of two clusters of human cases in the urban area was seen.

A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.
A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.
Achieving viral suppression (VS) in children is challenging despite the exponential increase in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated VS in children >1 year of age and adolescents 5 years after they had begun ART, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil.

HIV-infected, ART-naive children >1 year of age between 1999 and 2016 were eligible. Analysis was stratified by age at ART initiation 1-5 y, >5-10 y, and >10-19 y. CD4+ T-cell count and viral load were assessed on arrival at the clinic, on ART initiation, and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after ART initiation. The primary outcome was a viral load <50 copies/mL 5 years after ART initiation.

Ultimately, 121 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.8 years (SD 3.5), mean CD4% was 17.9 (SD 9.8), and mean viral load was 4.6 log10 copies/ml (SD 0.8). Five years after ART initiation, the overall VS rate was 46.9%. VS by patient age group was as follows 36.6% for 1-5 y, 53.3% for >5-10 y, and 30% for >10-19 y. Almost all children (90,4%) showed an increase in CD4%+ T cell count. There were no statistically significant predictors for detecting children who do not achieve VS with treatment. VS remained below 65% in all the evaluated periods.

Considerable immunological improvement is seen in children after ART initiation. Further efforts are needed to maintain adequate long-term VS levels and improve the survival of this vulnerable population.
Considerable immunological improvement is seen in children after ART initiation. Further efforts are needed to maintain adequate long-term VS levels and improve the survival of this vulnerable population.
The increasing incidence of syphilis among pregnant women (PS) and congenital syphilis (CS) has negatively affected maternal-child health in Brazil. The spatial approach to diseases with social indicators improves knowledge of health situations. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of incidences, identify the priority areas for infection control actions, and analyze the relationship of PS and CS clusters with social determinants of health in Mato Grosso.

This is an ecological study with data from different health information systems. After data procedure linkage, we analyzed the Bayesian incidences of triennial infections during specific periods. We performed SATSCAN screenings to identify spatiotemporal clusters. Further, we verified the differences between the clusters and indicators using Pearson's chi-square test.

The variations in PS incidence were 0.9-20.5/1,000 live births (LB), 0.6-46.3/1,000 LB, and 2.1-23.2/1,000 LB in the first, second, and last triennium, respectively; for CS, the variations were 0-7.1/1,000 LB, 0-7.5/1,000 LB, and 0.3-10.8/1,000 LB in the first, second, and last triennium, respectively. Three clusters each were identified for PS (RR=2.02; RR=0.30; RR=21.45, p<0.0001) and CS (RR=3.55; RR=0.10; RR=0.26, p<0.0001). The high-risk clusters overlapped in time-space; CS incidence was associated with municipalities with a higher proportion of LB mothers of race/non-white color and with poor sanitary conditions, lower proportion of pregnant teenagers, and under 8 years of schooling.

The increase in the spatiotemporal evolution of PS and CS incidences and the extension of areas with persistent infections indicate the need for monitoring, especially of priority areas in the state.
The increase in the spatiotemporal evolution of PS and CS incidences and the extension of areas with persistent infections indicate the need for monitoring, especially of priority areas in the state.
Coccidioidomycosis, a disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii, is endemic in arid climatic regions in Northeast Brazil. Its prevalence is higher among young adult males living in rural areas. Existing literature about this disease in Ceará, a Northeast Brazilian state, are scarce. Here, we aimed to outline the clinical and epidemiological profiles, radiological patterns, and therapeutic responses of patients with coccidioidomycosis in a reference center in Ceará, Brazil.

This is a descriptive study with quantitative analysis. Patients who underwent medical follow-up in São José Hospital of Infectious Diseases and received confirmed mycological diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis between January, 2007 and December 2017 were included. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic response data were collected from medical charts.

Thirty patients were included. The patients were males with median age of 30 years, and 73% were considered to have high-risk exposure to Coccidioides owing to professional activities.
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