Notes

Determinants of everyday care-giving in various interpersonal interactions within the Netherlands.
05). There was a significant interaction between time and condition for dCA normalised gain with evidence of a decrease by 0.192%cm.s-1.%mmHg-1 (95%CI -0.318, -0.065) following training in the cold and increase (0.129%cm.s-1.%mmHg-1, 95%CI 0.011, 0.248) following training in the thermoneutral environment (P = 0.001). This was also evident for dCA phase with evidence of an increase by 0.072 rad (95%CI -0.007, 0.152) following training in the cold and decrease by 0.065 (95%CI -0.144, 0.014) radians following training in the thermoneutral environment (P = 0.02). Both training interventions improved fitness but CBFv, CVRCO2 and peripheral endothelial function were unaltered. Exercise training in the cold improved dCA whereas thermoneutral negated dCA.
The current criteria for defining sarcopenic obesity (SOB) combines the threshold criteria for sarcopenia and obesity, but no consensus has been reached on the criteria. Given the variations among ethnic groups and in the prevalence of sarcopenia, the study aim was to establish sex-specific cutoff points for Chinese cancer patients and investigate the effect of SOB on clinical consequences.

A prospective study of 2480 cancer patients was conducted. Clinical materials, bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements, and follow-up data were analyzed. The survival receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine threshold values. The odds ratios for nutrition risk, severe malnutrition, and quality of life were calculated. The global and sex-specific survival statistics were extracted from the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard regression models.

The cutoff points of visceral fat area to best classify patients regarding time to death were >75.6cm
for males and >61.2cm
for ftervention.Potential procedural complications of endovascular therapy for carotid artery dissection have not been clarified. Herein, we present the cases of a 46-year-old woman and a 59-year-old man who underwent carotid artery stenting for left cervical internal carotid artery dissection. During the procedure, intramural hematoma was squeezed out by stent placement, causing further extension of the pseudolumen and a prominent stenosis proximal to the stent. Additional stent deployment was subsequently performed to fully cover the newly arising stenosis, resulting in good recanalization. In cases with a long-affected lesion, we should consider the potential risk of dissection advancement following stent deployment. Using longer stents or additional rescue stenting would be efficient in counteracting this rare complication.
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare and fatal fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by dematiaceous fungi. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinico- radiological presentation, pathology and outcome of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis and discuss the relevant literature.

Data of 7 patients diagnosed with cerebral phaeohyphomycosis and managed at our institute between 2014 and 2020 was collected and reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis was established after surgery on KOH mount, Sabouraud dextrose agar, frozen section or histopathology. The clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics along with outcomes were analysed.

Three patients with underlying comorbidities [chronic renal failure-2 and haematological malignancy -1] presented with brain abscess. The remaining 4 had no comorbidities. Two of them mimicked cystic glioma and one patient presented as intraventricular tumour. Another patient on anti- tubercular treatment for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis presented stering antifungals early in the course of management along with aggressive surgical excision may improve outcomes.
To study the effects of surgery and the explanatory variables for patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after brain tumor surgery for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas grade 2 and 3.

Patients operated for an astrocytoma or an oligodendrogliomas, grade 2 or 3, at the Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala, Sweden, 2016-2021, were included. HRQoL was assessed with RAND-36 preoperatively and 4 months postoperatively. Demographic, tumor, and treatment data were prospectively collected.

Sixty-two patients were included, 34 with an astrocytoma and 28 with an oligodendroglioma. Physical function, role physical, general health, vitality, and social functioning decreased significantly (p-values < 0.01) 4 months after surgery, whereas bodily pain, role emotional, and mental health remained unchanged. In Spearman analyses, younger patients deteriorated more in role physical, females worsened less often in general health but more often in social functioning than males, a higher level of education correlated with a more pronounced drop in social functioning, and a greater extent of resection corresponded to a worsening in physical function postoperatively (p-values < 0.05).

Several HRQoL domains deteriorated after glioma surgery in specific groups of patients, particularly general health, vitality, physical, and social functions. This was only weakly explained by surgical variables. Specific groups of patients may need closer follow-ups and tailored support/rehabilitation to detect and address these HRQoL deteriorations.
Several HRQoL domains deteriorated after glioma surgery in specific groups of patients, particularly general health, vitality, physical, and social functions. This was only weakly explained by surgical variables. Specific groups of patients may need closer follow-ups and tailored support/rehabilitation to detect and address these HRQoL deteriorations.
Hypopituitarism seems to be rather common following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), even though its real prevalence remains unclear and the effects on six-month patient functional outcomes are debatable. This study correlated hypopituitarism after aSAH and cognitive performances using neuropsychological tests.

In a prospective cohort of patients with aSAH, basal pituitary hormone testing was undergone and two neuropsychological tests, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), were administered in three phases in the subacute phase (2 weeks), the chronic phase (3-6 months) and the follow-up phase (6-12 months) post aSAH.

Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the study. Considering the median values of MMSE and MoCA in the subacute phase there was an association with hypo-free triiodothyronine (fT3) (p=0.03, p=0.03), hypo-luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.002, p=0.0002), hypo-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p=0.002, p=0.002) and hypo-testosterone (p=0.02, p=0.05) respectively. Similarly, in the chronic phase we found an association of median values of MMSE and MoCA with hypo-free thyroxine (fT4) (p=0.03, p=0.03), hypo-LH (p=0.03, p=0.03) and hypo-FSH (p=0.03, p=0.03), respectively. Finally, in the follow-up phase, MMSE and MoCA correlated with hypo-fT4 (p=0.03, p=0.03), hypo-LH (p=0.05, p=0.05) and hypo-FSH (p=0.05, p=0.05), respectively.

For aSAH patients in the post-acute phase, neuropsychological tests can represent an inexpensive tool to confirm cognitive impairment, which can be associated with neuroendocrine dysfunction.
For aSAH patients in the post-acute phase, neuropsychological tests can represent an inexpensive tool to confirm cognitive impairment, which can be associated with neuroendocrine dysfunction.
Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of psychostimulant (e.g., cocaine) use disorders. Because the GluN2B subunit of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is an important mediator of addiction-like behaviors, the goal of the current study was to determine if the GluN2B-selective antagonist Ro 63-1908 is efficacious in attenuating cocaine self-administration.

Adult Sprague Dawley rats (24 males and 11 females) were implanted with indwelling catheters and were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75mg/kg/inf). Rats were then trained in a threshold procedure, in which the dose of cocaine decreased across six 6-min blocks (0.75, 0.27, 0.08, 0.03, 0.01, 0.003mg/kg/inf). This procedure allowed for the quantification of behavioral economic indices of drug self-administration. Following training in the threshold procedure, rats were treated with the GluN2B-selective antagonist Ro 63-1908 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0mg/kg; s.c.). Rats also received treatments of the NMDA receptor cing self-administration during extinction-like conditions that are observed in later blocks of the threshold procedure.
Alcohol outlet density and drinking behaviors have been assessed based on where people live, but exposure may differ based on where people spend time. We assessed the relationship between alcohol outlet density (using three measures of geographic availability), frequency of use, and continued volume of alcohol among parents. Parents are a unique population of drinkers where the risk for harm to others can be higher as they are caring for minor children.

We conducted a cross-sectional telephone and web-based survey of 1599 parents in 2015 across 30 cities in California. Participants provided information on drinking, residential addresses, and locations of daily activities. We created three measures of alcohol availability using residential neighborhoods, convex hull polygons, and destination nodes. Data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial models.

Density of bars in residential neighborhoods were related to more frequent drinking (b = 0.0139, 95% CI = 0.0016, 0.0261) and higher continued volume (b = 0.0295, 95% CI = 0.0067, 0.0522). Density of bars (b = 0.0070, 95% CI = 0.0019, 0.0121) and restaurants (b = 0.0018, 95% CI = 0.0003, 0.0033) in destination nodes were related to drinking a higher continued volume of alcohol. Higher off-premise outlet density was related to a lower continued volume (b = -0.0026, 95% CI = -0.0049, -0.0002).

Outlet densities in residential neighborhood and destination nodes are related to frequency of drinking and continued volume of alcohol. Future work should seek to determine why and how residential neighborhoods and nodes are related to alcohol use behaviors and if they differ for parents compared to other adults.
Outlet densities in residential neighborhood and destination nodes are related to frequency of drinking and continued volume of alcohol. Future work should seek to determine why and how residential neighborhoods and nodes are related to alcohol use behaviors and if they differ for parents compared to other adults.Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are lipid chaperones that mediate the intracellular dynamics of the hydrophobic molecules that they physically bind to. FABPs are implicated in sleep and psychiatric disorders, as well as in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and survival. FABP is well conserved in insects, and Drosophila has one FABP ortholog, dFabp, in its genome. Although dFabp appears to be evolutionarily conserved in some brain functions, little is known about its development and physiological function. In the present study, we investigated the function of dFabp in Drosophila development and behavior. Knockdown or overexpression of dFabp in the developing brain, wing, and eye resulted in developmental defects, such as decreased survival, altered cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Glia-specific knockdown of dFabp affected neuronal development, and neuronal regulation of dFabp affected glial cell proliferation. Moreover, the behavioral phenotypes (circadian rhythm and locomotor activity) of flies with regulated dFabp expression in glia and flies with regulated dFabp expression in neurons were very similar.
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