Notes

Targeting E-selectin to be able to Take on Cancers Using Uproleselan.
Being part of the special issue on the Role of Cytokines in Leishmaniasis, this review is intended to be used as an organized primer on cytokines and not a resource for detailed discussion- for which a two-volume Handbook of cytokines is available- on each of the cytokines. Priming the readers on cytokines, we next brief the role of cytokines in Leishmaniasis. In the brief, we do not provide an account of each of the involved cytokines known to date, instead, we offer a temporal relationship between the cytokines and the progress of the infection towards the alternate outcomes- healing or non-healing- of the infection.
Sexual activity is composed of different phases (excitation, plateau, resolution). Each phase is associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and hormonal modification which can have an influence on the nervous system. This impact has been studied many times in literature, but no study has synthetized the complications related to coitus or orgasm.

Systematic review of literature on neurological complications, except headache, of coitus based on Medline and Embase.

We screened 1424articles and selected 46for this review. 7 (15%) were clinical or epidemiologic studies, 6 (13%) were reviews of literature and 33 (72%) were cases or series of cases reports. 12articles (26%) talked about strokes, 10 (22%) about subarachnoid hemorrhage, 9 (20%) about reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. We found 3 (7%) articles for each of the following complication intraparenchymal, hematoma and epilepsy. Autonomic hypereflexia was treated in 3articles (7%). Only 1article was included concerning ictus, spinal cord injury, neuralgia and cataplexia. These events can be considered as rare as emergencies related to sexual activity represent only 0.1% of all emergencies and among these, 12% are neurological. 31of the reported cases concerned vascular events (stroke or hemorrhage) and 18 (58%) of these patients had a patent malformation (aneurism, intracardiac shunt, foramen ovale).

This is one of the first review of literature trying to synthetise the neurological complications of coitus. Many articles exist in literature. It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of these complications in a population already at risk of neurological events.
This is one of the first review of literature trying to synthetise the neurological complications of coitus. Many articles exist in literature. It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of these complications in a population already at risk of neurological events.
The injury severity score (ISS) and new injury severity score (NISS) have been widely used in trauma evaluation. However, which scoring system is better in trauma outcome prediction is still disputed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the two scoring systems in predicting trauma outcomes, including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and ICU length of stay.

The data were collected retrospectively from three hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. The comparisons of NISS and ISS in predicting outcomes were performed by using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics.

A total of 1825 blunt trauma patients were enrolled in our study. Finally, 1243 patients were admitted to ICU, and 215 patients died before discharge. The ISS and NISS were equivalent in predicting mortality (AUC 0.886 vs. 0.887, p=0.9113). But for the patients with ISS ≥25, NISS showed better performance in predicting mortality. NISS was also significantly better than ISS in predicting ICU admission and prolonged ICU length of stay.

NISS outperforms ISS in predicting the outcomes for severe blunt trauma and can be an essential supplement of ISS. Considering the convenience of NISS in calculation, it is advantageous to promote NISS in China's primary hospitals.
NISS outperforms ISS in predicting the outcomes for severe blunt trauma and can be an essential supplement of ISS. Considering the convenience of NISS in calculation, it is advantageous to promote NISS in China's primary hospitals.
Severe COVID-19 cases have a detrimental hyper-inflammatory host response and different cytokine-blocking biologic agents were explored to improve outcomes. Anakinra blocks the activity of both IL-1α and IL‑1β and is approved for different autoinflammatory disorders, but it is used off-label for conditions characterized by an excess of cytokine production. Several studies on anakinra in COVID-19 patients reported positive effects. We performed a meta-analysis of all published evidence on the use of anakinra in COVID19 to investigate its effect on survival and need for mechanical ventilation.

We searched for any study performed on adult patients with acute hypoxemic failure related to 2019-nCoV infection, receiving anakinra versus any comparator. Primary endpoint was mortality at the longest available follow-up. Adverse effects, need for mechanical ventilation and discharge at home with no limitations were also analysed.

Four observational studies involving 184 patients were included. Overall mortality of patients treated with anakinra was significantly lower than mortality in the control group (95% CI 0.14-0.48, p<0.0001). Moreover, patients treated with anakinra had a significantly lower risk of need for mechanical ventilation than controls (95% CI 0.250.74, p=0.002). No difference in adverse events and discharge at home with no limitations was observed. The Trial Sequential Analysis z-cumulative line reached the monitoring boundary for benefit and the required sample size.

Administration of anakinra in COVID-19 patients was safe and might be associated with reductions in both mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
Administration of anakinra in COVID-19 patients was safe and might be associated with reductions in both mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a generally safe and widely accepted surgical procedure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Unfortunately, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty does not always result in success, and patients who initially experienced improvement in the severity of their obstructive sleep apnea may relapse. Proper patient selection and performing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in conjunction with other surgical procedures that are directed at other sites of upper airway collapsibility may yield favorable outcomes.
A complete metabolic response (CMR) on early post-treatment
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a positive prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation, but long-term outcomes of this group of patients are unknown. Patterns of failure and risk subgroups are identified.

Patients who received curative-intent chemoradiation from 1998 to 2018 for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB1-IVA cervical cancer and had a CMR on post-treatment FDG-PET within 5 months of treatment completion were included. Cox proportional hazards models determined factors associated with locoregional and distant failure. Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from any recurrence (FFR) of patient subgroups were compared with Log-rank tests.

There were 402 patients with a CMR after chemoradiation on FDG-PET. Initial T stage was T1 (38%)/T2 (40%)/T3 (20%)/T4 (2%); initial FDG-avid nodal status was no nodes (50%)/pelvic lymph nodes (40%)/pe tumours and para-aortic nodal involvement at diagnosis are poor prognostic factors, even after a CMR following chemoradiation.
The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to compare perioperative and postoperative variables between static and articulating spacers for the treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) complicating total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Fifty-two patients undergoing resection arthroplasty as part of a 2-stage exchange for PJI at 3 centers were randomized to either a static (n= 23) or articulating spacer (n= 29). The primary endpoint was operative time of the second-stage reimplantation and power analysis determined that 22 patients per cohort were necessary to detect a 20-minute difference. Seven patients were lost to follow-up, 4 were never reimplanted, and one died before discharge after reimplantation. Forty patients were followed for a mean 3.2 years (range 2.0-7.1).

There were no differences in operative time at second-stage reimplantation (143minutes static vs 145minutes articulating, P= .499). Length of hospital stay was longer in the static cohort after stage 1 (8.6 vs 5.4 days, P= .006) and stage 2 (6.3 vs 3.6 days, P < .001). Although it did not reach statistical significance with the numbers available for study, nearly twice as many patients in the static cohort were discharged to an extended care facility after stage 1 (65% vs 30%, P= .056).

This randomized trial demonstrated that the outcomes of static and articulating spacers are similar in the treatment of THA PJI undergoing 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. The significantly longer length of hospital stay associated with the use of static spacers may have important economic implications for the health care system.
This randomized trial demonstrated that the outcomes of static and articulating spacers are similar in the treatment of THA PJI undergoing 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. The significantly longer length of hospital stay associated with the use of static spacers may have important economic implications for the health care system.
Approximately 20% of patients are dissatisfied with their total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at 1-year post-surgery. Met expectations have been found by some to significantly predict satisfaction. The role of met expectations in determining patient satisfaction has not been exhaustively explored. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate if met expectations moderate the relationship between pain and function variables and satisfaction.

Patients who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis were included in the study (n= 304). Patient-reported outcomes at pre-surgery and 1-year post-surgery were collected. The Knee Society Score (KSS) satisfaction subscale was used as the dependent variable. Candidate independent variables included the following demographics, KSS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, and University of California Los Angeles activity score. Separate linear regression models were created to test interactions for KSS met expectations with pain and KSS met expectations with function.

Significant predictors of satisfaction were KSS symptoms (pain), KOOS activities of daily living (function), KSS met expectations, KOOS pre-surgery activities of daily living, body mass index, and SF-12 general health. A significant interaction between met expectations and pain was found (P= .043) and the met expectations and function interaction approached significance (P= .086). For both interactions, as met expectations increased, pain and function predicted satisfaction less strongly.

Met expectations were found to moderate the relationship between pain and satisfaction. There may be more value in improving pain for patients with low met expectations.

Level IV.
Level IV.
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