Notes

Vascular Accessibility Complications along with Clinical Link between Vascular Medical Maintenance Pursuing Transcatheter Aortic Control device Implantation (TAVI).
High-Intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (HI-PEMF) treatment is an emerging noninvasive and contactless alternative to conventional electroporation, since the electric field inside the tissue is induced remotely by external pulsed magnetic field. Recently, HI-PEMF was applied for delivering siRNA molecules to silence enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in tumors in vivo. Still, delivered siRNA molecules were 21 base pairs long, which is 200-times smaller compared to nucleic acids such as plasmid DNA (pDNA) that are delivered in gene therapies to various targets to generate therapeutic effect. In our study, we demonstrate the use HI-PEMF treatment as a feasible noninvasive approach to achieve in vivo transfection by enabling the transport of larger molecules such as pDNA encoding EGFP into muscle and skin. We obtained a long-term expression of EGFP in the muscle and skin after HI-PEMF, in some mice even up to 230 days and up to 190 days, respectively. Histological analysis showed significantly less infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in muscle tissue after the delivery of pEGFP using HI-PEMF compared to conventional gene electrotransfer. Furthermore, the antitumor effectiveness using HI-PEMF for electrotransfer of therapeutic plasmid, i.e., silencing MCAM was demonstrated. In conclusion, feasibility of HI-PEMF was demonstrated for transfection of different tissues (muscle, skin, tumor) and could have great potential in gene therapy and in DNA vaccination.Since the worldwide outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the question raised whether infected patients would elicit long-lasting protective immunity. Several companies developed serological assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In this study, we compared 4 different serology assays in convalescents up to 7 months post-infection. Both Abbott assays showed a significative decrease of IgG antibodies over time. Whereas the Elecsys Anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 N assay (Roche) initially showed a significant increase, antibody titers significantly decreased at the latest timepoint. Although not significant, the Elecsys Anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 S assay (Roche) showed tendency towards increasing titers overtime. Our data showed that results of SARS-CoV-2 serology should be interpreted with caution.
Opioid overdoses are a leading cause of injury death in the United States. Providing people who inject drugs (PWID) with naloxone is essential to preventing deaths. However, research regarding gaps in naloxone delivery is limited.

We interviewed 536 PWID in San Francisco and Los Angeles, California from 2017 to 2018. We described naloxone engagement and re-engagement cascades, and identified factors associated with receiving naloxone in the past six months and currently owning naloxone.

The engagement cascade showed 72 % of PWID ever received naloxone, 49 % received it in the past six months, and 35 % currently owned naloxone. The re-engagement cascade showed, among PWID who received naloxone in the past six months, 74 % used and/or lost naloxone, and 67 % refilled naloxone. In multivariable analyses, identifying as Latinx (aRR = 0.53; 95 % CI 0.39, 0.72) and Black (aRR = 0.73; 95 % CI 0.57, 0.94) vs White were negatively associated with receiving naloxone in the past six months, while using opioids 1-29 times (aRR = 1.35; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.75) and 30+ times (aRR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.17, 1.99) vs zero times in the past 30 days and witnessing an overdose in the past six months (aRR = 1.69; 95 % CI 1.37, 2.08) were positively associated with receiving naloxone in the past six months. In multivariable analyses, being unhoused vs housed (aRR = 0.82; 95 % CI 0.68, 0.99) was negatively associated with currently owning naloxone.

Our study adds to the literature by developing naloxone engagement and re-engagement cascades to identify disparities. Naloxone scale-up should engage populations facing inequitable access, including people of color and those experiencing homelessness.
Our study adds to the literature by developing naloxone engagement and re-engagement cascades to identify disparities. Naloxone scale-up should engage populations facing inequitable access, including people of color and those experiencing homelessness.
At birth, only complete Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) can be properly diagnosed. However, other Consequences of prenatal Alcohol Exposure (CAE) can also be recorded. Our objective was to describe the frequency of diagnoses highly suggestive of "potential Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder" (pFASD, i.e., FAS and CAE) among hospitalized neonates, during the neonatal period, in France, between 2006 and 2013.

We used the French national hospital discharge database to identify the Q86.0 (FAS) and P04.3 (CAE) ICD-10 codes in hospital stays occurring in the first 28 days of life. FAS, CAE and pFASD rates were estimated per 1000 live births at the national level for the 2009-2013 period. We compared the 2006-2009 and 2010-2013 rates. The pFASD rates were also estimated at the regional level.

Overall, 3,207 cases of pFASD were diagnosed during the neonatal period (i.e., 0.48 cases per 1000 live births, including 0.07 cases of FAS per 1000). Between 2006-2009 and 2010-2013, pFASD remained stable, despite a moderate decrease in reported FAS (0.08 vs 0.06 cases per 1000, p < 0.001). At the regional level, pFASD rates varied between 0.13 and 1.22 cases per 1000.

This study provides the first national estimate of neonatal diagnosis of FAS, and more broadly pFASD, in France. Although our data certainly underestimate the real prevalence of FASD, they provide a minimal estimate of the burden of alcohol use during pregnancy. Observed variations deserve to be analyzed in the light of concomitant prevention and public information campaigns.
This study provides the first national estimate of neonatal diagnosis of FAS, and more broadly pFASD, in France. Although our data certainly underestimate the real prevalence of FASD, they provide a minimal estimate of the burden of alcohol use during pregnancy. Observed variations deserve to be analyzed in the light of concomitant prevention and public information campaigns.
Young adults who engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use may be more likely to engage in unsafe behaviors including riding with impaired drivers and driving after alcohol and/or marijuana use.

Young adult SAM users (N = 408) self-reported their behavior for five 14-day bursts, yielding daily-level responses on a total of 14,675 substance use days. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) estimated the likelihood of riding with an impaired driver and of driving after use on SAM use days compared to alcohol- or marijuana-only use days.

More frequent SAM users were more likely to ride with an impaired driver and to drive after use than less frequent SAM users (between-persons). On SAM use days, there were greater odds of riding with an impaired driver, compared to alcohol-only days (AOR = 1.28) and marijuana-only days (AOR = 2.22), and of driving after use, compared to marijuana-only days (AOR = 1.25). Driving after use was more likely on days with non-simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use compared to SAM use (AOR = 1.59).

Riding with an impaired driver is common among young adult substance users, and more likely following simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana compared to other types of alcohol and marijuana use. Driving after use is more likely after SAM use than marijuana-only use days, but most likely on days when both alcohol and marijuana were used but not simultaneously. Future research on situation-level predictors of riding and driving-related risks among young adults is warranted.
Riding with an impaired driver is common among young adult substance users, and more likely following simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana compared to other types of alcohol and marijuana use. Driving after use is more likely after SAM use than marijuana-only use days, but most likely on days when both alcohol and marijuana were used but not simultaneously. Future research on situation-level predictors of riding and driving-related risks among young adults is warranted.In this study a volatolomic approach is proposed for the characterization of the volatile organic compound (VOC) composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from common aromatic plants. Five species (Prunus spinosa L., Salvia officinalis L., Eucalyptus globulus L., Melissa officinalis L. and Mentha x piperita L.), particularly widespread in Southern Italy, were selected as recognized sources of natural bioactive compounds with beneficial properties. Hydro distillation and solid-liquid extraction with ethanol at different percentages were used to obtain EOs, and their extraction capabilities were compared analyzing chromatographic profiles obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical procedure was optimized in term of SPME fiber, adsorption time and desorption time. GC-MS analyses were performed allowing the profiling of the VOC fingerprint in each plant extract. Experimental data were processed by a statistical multivariate approach (Analysis of Variance and Principal Component Analysis obtained for compounds and chemical classes), confirming that EO aroma profiles were statistically different for each of the selected five plants. The proposed volatolomic approach has proved to be an easy and efficient tool to study the aroma profile, allowing the collection of specific information and opening new perspectives and opportunities for the detection and identification of VOCs in agricultural and ecological applications.The purpose of this study is to elucidate uncertainty structures of internal standard (IS) methods as compared with absolute calibration methods in liquid chromatography. A quantitative test of indomethacin with butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate as an IS in high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection is taken here as an example. The repeatability is evaluated by both a usual statistical method of repetition and a theoretical approach, called the function of mutual information (FUMI) theory. The latter predicts the precision from noise and signals of instrumental output. Plots of relative standard deviations (RSDs) of measurements against analyte amounts, called precision profiles, are compared between the IS methods for indomethacin and their corresponding absolute calibration methods over a wide range of amount. Sample injection errors are observed to be effectively eliminated at high amounts by the IS methods, but at low amounts where background random noise dominates over the other error, the superiority of the IS methods is overshadowed and the precision of both the methods is almost comparable. The smallest possible amount of IS material without spoiling the integrity of analysis is estimated from the precision profiles.A central question of biology is the basis of stable cell fates. Cell fates are formed during development, where the zygote progresses from totipotency to terminal differentiation. Each step of lineage commitment involves establishment of stable states encoding-specific developmental commitments that can be faithfully transmitted to daughter cells - a 'memory' of cell fate is acquired. However, this cell-fate memory is reversible and can be changed when experimental reprogramming procedures such as nuclear transfer to eggs or transcription factor overexpression are used. The ability to reprogram cell fates impacts regenerative medicine, as progress in understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of cell-fate changes can allow the generation of any cell type needed for cell replacement therapies. Given its potential, studies are currently aiming at improving the low efficiency of cell-fate conversion. In recent years, epigenetic mechanisms suggested to promote stable cell-fate memory emerged as factors that cause resistance to cell-fate conversions during nuclear reprogramming.
Homepage: