Notes

Contributor respiratory operations: Changing viewpoints.
The neodymium doped nanoparticles produced a significant decrease in the r1 relaxivity, and a 1.7 fold increase in the r2 relaxivity compared to the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles.

Doping of neodymium into the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles suppresses the r1 relaxivity and enhances the r2 relaxivity of the nanoparticles.
Doping of neodymium into the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles suppresses the r1 relaxivity and enhances the r2 relaxivity of the nanoparticles.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
HMRS) is a noninvasive method to quantify pain. A
HMRS spectrum is a group of peaks at different radiofrequencies, showing proton nuclei in various chemical environments. These MR spectra provide information about metabolite concentrations, and make MRS a useful procedure to monitor metabolic fluctuations due to disease, and to track the efficacy of treatment.

This study aims to identify correlations between clinical symptoms in patients with tension-type headache (TTH) and concentrations of brain metabolites.

In this observational study, twenty-four patients (4 men and 20 women) with chronic TTH were included. To evaluate their clinical symptoms, the number of trigger points, headache frequency and headache intensity were recorded. The levels of anxiety and depression were recorded with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI- II). Concentrations of brain metabolites were determined in the anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex of left hemisphere with
HMRS.

There was a negative correlation between trigger point count and choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio in the primary somatosensory cortex [r= -0.509, n= 24,
= 0.01]. There were no correlations between other clinical symptoms of TTH and concentrations of brain metabolites.

Patients with more trigger points had a lower Cho/Cr ratio, which may indicate alterations in brain metabolic activity.
Patients with more trigger points had a lower Cho/Cr ratio, which may indicate alterations in brain metabolic activity.
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is extensively used in the treatment of malignancies. Clarkson's method is one of the leading methods for dose calculation at open points present in irregular fields.

The aim of this study is to generalize the Clarkson's method for dose calculation at points under compensator filters in IMRT method and its application in IMRT quality control as well.

In this experimental study, compensator filters were designed in two forms flat filter and block piled-up compensator. The measurements for the compensator filters and open fields in 5 and10 cm depths at energy levels (6, 10 and 18 MV) and in fields with different dimensions were performed using "Mapcheck2" dosimeter. The aim of performing calculations is to derive the theoretical dose by the generalized Clarkson's equation and comparing it with data resulted from the measurement for confirming the Clarkson's equation presented.

These results demonstrate the data derived from the generalized Clarkson's method are in good agreement with the data resulted from measurement; the highest error of the proposed equation was 3% for flat filter, and less than 5% for block-piled-up filter. Higher error in the block-piled-up filter compared with the flat filter was due to the presence of leakage between these blocks.

The results of this study demonstrated that the presented equation is reliable and valid, and the proposed equation can be applied for dose calculation at all points under the compensator filter or the shielded areas.
The results of this study demonstrated that the presented equation is reliable and valid, and the proposed equation can be applied for dose calculation at all points under the compensator filter or the shielded areas.
Thermoluminescence dosimetry(TLD) has been known as one of the most effective methods for dose estimation in diagnostic radiology. Orthopantomogram (OPG) imaging is used by many dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as an effective tool for choosing an appropriate treatment plan.

This study aims to measure the entrance skin dose and the dose values received by different head and neck organs in OPG imaging using TLD dosimeters (TLD-100).

In this experimental study, the entrance skin dose and doses of various organs during imaging were measured by TLD dosimeters inside and on the surface of the Rando-Phantom. Doses to various organs, including thyroid, eye, esophagus, parotid and sublingual and submandibular salivary glands were measured. The measurements were repeated twice, and the dose values obtained in the two steps were compared.

Based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum dose values were found in Esophagus; 65.81, and 59.31 µGy, respectively. The maximum organ dose value was found for left parotid glands, 3842.42, and 3399.58 for the two measurements, respectively.

The results show that the dose values can vary based on devices, exposure conditions, and TLD positioning.
The results show that the dose values can vary based on devices, exposure conditions, and TLD positioning.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease and global health crisis. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is known as the most widely laboratory method to detect the COVID-19 from respiratory specimens. It suffers from several main drawbacks such as time-consuming, high false-negative results, and limited availability. Therefore, the automatically detect of COVID-19 will be required.

This study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays.

In a retrospective study, we have applied Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained models for detection COVID-19 infection from 348 chest X-ray images.

Our proposed models have been trained and tested on a dataset which previously prepared. The all proposed models provide accuracy greater than 90.0%. The pre-trained MobileNet model provides the highest classifig dataset, the accuracy and robustness of our proposed models increase further.Health information is highly sensitive to all kinds of health care environments ranging from organization-based to personalized health. Nowadays, health information is exchanged readily for the consequence of the introduction of ubiquitous computing in healthcareindustry. Therefore, minimization of vulnerabilities and security risks are a must. Information privacy is a critical issue in all kinds of health information systems with some platforms (e.g. implementable medicaldevices, mobile-based apps, biosensors, smart home, etc.). This paper was aimed at providing a snapshot of existing frameworks protecting health information privacy in pervasive healthcare environments. Accordingly, terms such as pervasive health care, mobilehealth, ubiquitous health, health information and privacy were searched in technical databases and on the Internet search engines using free text both in English and Persian (February 2015). In summary, these frameworks have characteristics as managing data access, data collection, use and disclosure in common. Taken together, these frameworks would be applied in emerging health environments and associated frameworks addressing information privacy.
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is widely spreading all over the world, causing mental health problems for most people. The medical staff is also under considerable psychological pressure. This study aimed to review all research carried out on the mental health status of health care workers (HCWs) to bring policymakers and managers' attention.

A literature search conducted through e-databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) from December 2019 up to April 12th 2020. All cross- sectional studies published in English which assessed the health workers' psychological well-being during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic included. Study quality was analyzed using NHLBI Study Quality assessment tools.

One hundred relevant articles were identified through systematic search; of which eleven studies were eligible for this review. Their quality score was acceptable. The lowest reported prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCWs was 24.1%, 12.1%, and 29.8%, respectively. In additt & motivational, protective, and training & educational interventions, especially through information and communication platform.[This corrects the article DOI 10.18683/germs.2020.1183.].
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening rare disease resulting from the uncontrolled activation of the immune system, leading to unrestrained cytokine release and macrophage activation. It can be either hereditary or acquired due to infections, hematological disease or malignancy.

We present the case of a 19-year old woman that presented with high fever and acute cholestatic hepatitis. She was initially admitted to the Gastroenterology department and the following days she developed respiratory distress and multiorgan insufficiency that necessitated intubation and support in the Intensive Care Unit. Fever, splenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, increased ferritin levels and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow were found, thus, fulfilling the criteria of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Laboratory examination was notable for positive serology (IgM and IgG) and PCR for EBV in the serum. C381 An extensive workup including virology and immunologic workup, blood cultures, a CT of the thorax and the abdomen and a bone marrow biopsy did not reveal any cause of secondary HLH other than the EBV infection. The patient was treated with high dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins with slow resolution of her symptoms.

In patients with EBV infection who exhibit persistent high fever and unresponsiveness to antibiotics, the possibility of HLH should be considered. Early diagnosis and rapid initiation of appropriate treatment may avert an unfavorable outcome.
In patients with EBV infection who exhibit persistent high fever and unresponsiveness to antibiotics, the possibility of HLH should be considered. Early diagnosis and rapid initiation of appropriate treatment may avert an unfavorable outcome.
Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease that is characterized by development of characteristic pin-point exanthema in a patient with signs of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Nowadays, due to effective antibacterial treatment, severe complicated cases of scarlet fever are occasionally rare. Because of immunity particularities, patients with Down syndrome are predisposed to bacterial respiratory diseases (and scarlet fever among them), that usually have prolonged complicated course.

A clinical case of scarlet fever in a patient with Down syndrome was analyzed. The disease had a severe course with a specific skin syndrome and was complicated by pneumonia. Hospitalization and adequate treatment of the patient led to his complete recovery despite late initiation of antibacterial medicine.

A long severe complicated course of the disease in the presented case was caused by combination of the late initiation of antibacterial treatment and the patient's personal particularities of reactivity.

Patients with Down syndrome should be adequately monitored by family doctors in case of pharyngitis with early testing for group A hemolytic
infection and administration of the correct antibacterial treatment, if the test is positive.
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