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Although coronary angiography is the standard method employed to assess the severity of coronary artery disease and to guide treatment strategies, it provides only 2D image of the intravascular lesions. In contrast, intravascular imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) produce cross-sectional images of the coronary arteries at a far greater spatial resolution, capable of accurately determining vessel size as well as plaque morphology, eliminating many of the disadvantages inherent to angiography. This review will discuss the role of OCT in the catherization laboratory for the assessment and management of coronary disease.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based coronary imaging technique. It utilises the emission & subsequent detection of reflected high frequency (30-60 MHz) sound waves to create high resolution, cross-sectional images of the coronary artery. IVUS has been the cornerstone of intracoronary imaging for more than two decades. When compared to the invasive coronary angiogram which studies only the silhouette of the contrast-filled artery lumen, IVUS also crucially images the vessel wall. Because of this capability, IVUS has greatly facilitated understanding of the coronary atherosclerosis process. Such insights from IVUS reveal how commonly and extensively plain angiography underestimates the true extent of coronary plaque, the characteristics of plaques prone to rupture and cause acute coronary syndromes (lipid rich, thin cap atheroma), and a realisation of the widespread occurrence of vessel remodelling in response to atherosclerosis. Similarly, IVUS has historically provided salutary mechanistic inse particularly evident in each of these complex CAD subsets. In particular, some consider the use of IVUS to be almost mandatory in left main PCI. A comparison with other intracoronary imaging techniques is also explored.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based invasive imaging modality that has become an essential adjunctive tool to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over the past 20 years. Clinical applications of IVUS in PCI include assessment of lesion severity, characterizing plaque morphology, optimization of acute stent results and clarification of mechanisms of stent failure. Numerous meta-analyses of large observational and randomized studies support the role of IVUS-guided PCI in reducing short and long-term adverse outcomes, including mortality and stent failure, particularly in patients receiving drug-eluting stents (DESs) and in complex lesion subsets. The current review provides a summary of the fundamental aspects and current clinical roles of IVUS in coronary intervention.Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is traditionally a manual procedure executed by one or more operators positioned at a close distance from the patient. The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed severe restrictions to such an interventional environment. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is transmitted mainly through expelled respiratory particles, which are known to travel approximately 3-6 feet away from infected persons. During PCI, that contamination range obligatorily poses the team and the patient to direct air exposure. We herein present a case report with the description of a minimum-contact strategy to reduce interpersonal air exposure during PCI. The approach designed to minimize proximity between the patient and the healthcare team included the performance of robotic-assisted PCI, operated by unscrubbed cardiac interventionalists from a control cockpit located outside the catheterization suite. Also included, was the delineation of the potential zointervention in reducing physical proximity between the team and the patient during the procedure.Cardiac tuberculosis (TB) is rare and most commonly manifests itself as tuberculous pericarditis. Involvement of other parts of the heart is unusual and descriptions in the literature are confined to case reports regarding mainly pericardial TB and very few cases of cardiac tuberculoma. Tuberculomas are space occupying lesions most commonly found in the brain of immunocompromised individuals. These space occupying lesions previously described only after autopsies are now more diagnosed with the use of advanced imaging techniques. Herein, we describe a first case of pericardial TB manifesting as left ventricular (LV) cardiac tuberculoma in a 34-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected male. Upon presentation the patient complained mainly of progressive dyspnoea over the past month. Primary investigations including chest computed tomography (CT) scan and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) suggested probable diagnosis of cardiac and pericardial TB which was later confirmed by histopathological modalities. The patient received anti-TB therapy along with surgical subtotal pericardiotomy which resulted in improvement of symptoms, complete resolution of the mass and reduction in the size of pericardial thickening. Although very rare it is crucial to bear in mind the importance of having cardiac tuberculoma as differential diagnosis in patients with a cardiac mass and implement the optimum diagnostic and therapeutic courses.Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system, characterized by features of bone marrow insufficiency and organ infiltration by leukemic cells. Venous thrombosis in AML patients is uncommon, compared to bleeding; therefore in patients with AML, simultaneous occurrence of venous and arterial thrombosis is a rather rare presentation. We reported an unusual case of anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to AML characterized by venous and arterial thrombosis. A 70-year-old man with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the left leg confirmed by Doppler was seen in our clinic. During treatment with a Vitamin K antagonist (3 mg daily of Warfarin) and a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), he developed an acute pulmonary embolism and an acute inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a result of right coronary artery embolism. His full blood count showed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were positive. A bone marrow aspirate test showed results consistent with AML (FAB class M1). A diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to AML characterized by coronary artery embolism, pulmonary embolism and left leg DVT was eventually established. He received anticoagulation with a low dose of warfarin after refusing chemotherapy. He however died of cerebral hemorrhage despite the fact that the INR was in the normal therapeutic range. It is challenging to anticoagulated AML patients complicated by multiple vascular thromboses and thrombocytopenia.
Heart failure (HF) is generally complicated with pulmonary edema (PE), the early diagnosis and treatment is essential. We aimed to evaluate the effects of combined use of cardiopulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis of PE in HF patients, to provide reference for the management of HF.

HF patients treated in our hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 were included. All patients underwent echocardiography and lung ultrasonography, and analyzed the characteristics of patients and related detected results. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the potential risk factors. And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted to compare the predictive value of factors.

A total of 183 HF patients were included, the incidence of PE in HF patients was 62.84%. Logistic regression analyses indicated that NT-proBNP (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.28-5.04), LAVI (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02-4.45), E/e' (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.13-2.28), SPAP (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.02-2.84) were the independent risk factors for PE in patients with HF (all P<0.05). The AUC of NT-proBNP, LAVI, E/e' and SPAP were 0.705, 0.668, 0.674 and 0.691 respectively. NT-proBNP ≥8,842.37 ng/L, LAVI ≥42.14 mL/m
, E/e' ≥19.20, SPAP ≥38.16 mmHg were the independent risk factors for PE in patients with HF (all P<0.05).

Combined use of cardiopulmonary ultrasound is beneficial to the early diagnosis of PE in patients with HF, and early interventions are needed for those patients with risk factors.
Combined use of cardiopulmonary ultrasound is beneficial to the early diagnosis of PE in patients with HF, and early interventions are needed for those patients with risk factors.
Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with the bad prognosis in patients. Current approaches to predict PMI fail to identify many people who would benefit from preventive treatment, and machine learning (ML) offers opportunity to improve the performance of ML models for PMI based on the big routine data.

By using electronic medical records, we retrospectively extracted all records of patients from 2007 to 2019 in our cardiovascular center. The main enrollment criterion was that inpatients with one single coronary stenosis with stents implantation this time. The primary outcome was PMI [PMI3 cTnI >3-fold upper reference limit (URL); PMI5 cTnI >5-fold URL]. Four different ML algorithms [Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)] were evaluated and their diagnostic accuracy measures were compared.

A total of (10,886) patients who were admitted in our hospital. PMI3 and PMI5 results were analyzed respectively. The incidence of PMI3 and PMI5 was 20.9% and 13.7%. In PMI3 Drop group, ANN (accuracy 0.72; AUC 0.77) showed the best power to predict the presence of PMI; In PMI3 Mean Group, RF (accuracy 0.72; AUC 0.77) showed the best power; In PMI5 Drop group, RF (accuracy 0.67; AUC 0.67) showed the best power; In PMI5 Mean group, RF (accuracy 0.61; AUC 0.67) showed the best power.

ML methods may provide accurate prediction of PMI in CAD patients, and could be used as a precise model in the preventive treatment of PMI.
ML methods may provide accurate prediction of PMI in CAD patients, and could be used as a precise model in the preventive treatment of PMI.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already became a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 related cardiac injury remains largely unclear.

We retrospectively analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory and cardiovascular imaging data of all consecutively admitted adult COVID-19 patients in Zhuhai, China from January 17th, 2020 to February 18th, 2020.

A total of 93 patients were included in the study. Acute cardiac injury was found in 9 (9.7%) COVID-19 patients with median level of hypersensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) to be 0.085 µg/L (IQR 0.027-0.560 µg/L). AG-1024 cost Compared with patients without cardiac injury, the median age of patients with cardiac injury was significantly older (65.0
44.0, P<0.05), hypertension was significantly more common (44.4%
14.3%, P<0.05), and the proportion of severe-critical cases were greater (77.8%
17.9%, P<0.05). Patients with cardiac injury were more likely have elevation of N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in comparison (66.7%
10.
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