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Bacteriophage: A Useful Tool for Understanding Belly Bacteria Aim of Housefly Larvae, Musca domestica.
To evaluate the influence of µl-opioid receptor (OPRM1) 118A>G and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 1947G>A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) combinations on postoperative opioid analgesia (POA) efficacy.

In 100 consecutive patients scheduled for major urologic surgeries the SNPs of OPRM1 118A>G and COMT 1947G>A (real-time PCR), preoperative anxiety and depression level (HADS scale), POA efficacy ("Pain Out" questionnaire) have been assessed.

Preoperative anxiety and depression, additional analgesia requirements, severity of nausea, drowsiness and incidence of vomiting were higher in OPRM1 118G allele carriers. Maximum pain intensity and pain-related restriction of mobility on first postoperative day were lower in homozygous carriers of COMT 1947A. The best response to POA in view of preoperative anxiety, analgesia efficacy and severity of nausea has been revealed in carriers of combination COMT-OPRM1 AA-AA.

SNPs of OPRM1 118A>G and COMT 1947G>A affect the preoperative patients psychological status and POA efficacy.
A affect the preoperative patients psychological status and POA efficacy.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTVE Carotid endarterectomy (CEE) is an effective surgical technique to prevent cerebral ischemia and stroke, but can be associated with intervention-related complications. The surgical shunting of the intervention area may reduce the risk of the intraoperative ipsilateral cerebral ischemia following the carotid artery clamping but is controversial. The goal of this study was to compare the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) and early changes of cognitive functions in CEE in the settings of transient vascular bypass and without this method.

45 adult patients were randomized to either the bypass group (the Bypass group, n = 24) or the Controls / No Bypass (the Control group, n = 21). All patients were monitored for invasive arterial pressure, SpO, EtCO,, and cerebral oxygenation (SctO2, Fore-Sight, CASMED, USA) over the contra- and ipsilateral frontal head areas. The cognitive functions were assessed using series of Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA) before the intervention, and on 6 and 36 hrs after the CEE.

We did not find intergroup differences in the surgery duration, degree of stenosis and baseline cognitive function. The values of SctO2 reduced significantly only above contralateral side; these changes were attenuated in the shunt group. There were no intergroup differences in postoperative cognitive function.

Empiric transient vascular bypass during carotid endarterectomy did not result in significant changes of the ipsilateral cerebral oxygenation, hyperperfusion and cognitive function, but attenuated the decrease of SctO2 over the contralateral hemisphere.
Empiric transient vascular bypass during carotid endarterectomy did not result in significant changes of the ipsilateral cerebral oxygenation, hyperperfusion and cognitive function, but attenuated the decrease of SctO2 over the contralateral hemisphere.
To assess the role of monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with massive ischemic stroke within the first 5 days of the onset of the disease.

We have analyzed the results of monitoring of intracranial pressure in 10 patients with massive ischemic stroke and compared dynamics of ICP with the dynamics of intracranial pressure and the level of consciousness and dislocation of the brain according to CT RESULTS Dislocation syndrome decompensation occurred in 6 patients, of which only 3 patients had increased intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg with oppression of the level of consciousness to moderate coma and deeper The average value of transverse dislocation in these patients at the same time amounted to 17 mm. In 2 patients with atrophy of the brain we observed ICP increase over 20 mmHg. The average value of transverse dislocation in these patients was 12 mm. Conclusion Increased intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg in patients with massive ischemic stroke can occur even when t greater than 20 mm Hg in patients with massive ischemic stroke can occur even when the oppression of the level of consciousness to moderate coma and deeper on the background of the dislocation of the brain. In case of an atrophy of the brain, the level of ICP may not exceed 20 mm Hg even with dislocation syndrome decompensation.
A single-blind comparative prospective randomised clinical trial.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Russian muscular relaxant (Kruarone) in comparison with Esmerone in multicomponent balanced anesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 80 patients (23-68 years old) were examined. The patients were randomized into two equal groups. The results showed that Kruarone was effective relaxant with rapid onset of action, providing optimal conditions for muscle relaxation for laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Kruarone did not require frequent administration supports, providing high quality and stable neuromuscular blockade during surgery. There was no any one case of adverse events for the entire period of 24-hour surveillance, the drug has no cumulative effect. Kruarone did not cause allergic reactions and had no significant effect on hemodynamics. Thus Kruarone 0.6 mg/kg with an average total flow rate of the drug within 55 mg (39.6-75.43 mg) has the same effectiveness and safety with Esmerone in similar dosages.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Russian muscular relaxant (Kruarone) in comparison with Esmerone in multicomponent balanced anesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 80 patients (23-68 years old) were examined. The patients were randomized into two equal groups. The results showed that Kruarone was effective relaxant with rapid onset of action, providing optimal conditions for muscle relaxation for laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Kruarone did not require frequent administration supports, providing high quality and stable neuromuscular blockade during surgery. There was no any one case of adverse events for the entire period of 24-hour surveillance, the drug has no cumulative effect. Kruarone did not cause allergic reactions and had no significant effect on hemodynamics. Thus Kruarone 0.6 mg/kg with an average total flow rate of the drug within 55 mg (39.6-75.43 mg) has the same effectiveness and safety with Esmerone in similar dosages.New guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS) have been published in the beginning of 2014. The guidelines were the result of joint work of the Board of experts of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and European society of anaesthesiology (ESA). Recommendations ESC/ESA-2014 thoroughly and accurately determine the algorithm of actions of the anaesthesiologist in the process of preparation and conduct of anesthesia and intensive therapy in the early postoperative period in accordance with the modern level of development of our specialty. No doubt they will be useful to all professionals involved in the process of providing medical care to patients in non-cardiac surgery with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system. This article, however, does not purport to be a complete summary of the cited document; it only contains, its own commentary on those provisions which are in the author's opinion the most significant and interesting.Despite low invasiveness, lacrimal passages, intubation in children requires general anaesthesia to prevent traumatic and neurological complications. General anaesthesia with sevoflurane is optimal for technical simplicity, safety and controllability. Methods of face mask inhalation anesthesia with halothan and sevoflurane were compared in 996 patients. The authors have developed their own standart of performing the face mask inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane in children during lacrimal passages intubation. This allowed to minimize the number of intra- and postoperative complications in children, to reduce period of postanesthetic observation, to advance the peroral compensation of fluid deficit.
Dental treatment of infants and pre-school children is challenging because of high rate of dental fear General anesthesia is the only option for behavioral control in this age group. In case of minor medical procedure physical restrain is also used often enough aggravating the fear An alternate method for comfortable treatment is monitored conscious sedation (MCS). Standard techniques of monitoring do not always provide accurate determination of stress level in children since the external stress manifestations may appear non-significant and unobtrusive. Computer capillaroscopy (CC) allows real time evaluation of early functional disorders at the microlevel and of anesthesia efficiency in vivo.

The research involved 298 children. 256 of them were treated under MCS and 42 constituted reference group treated without MCS. The groups were also divided into subgroups according to age 0-3 and 3-6 year olds. Therapeutic and surgical treatment features were analyzed separately. MCS was conducted by means of intramoing dental treatment without MCS are affected by stress. The degree of stress in surgical patients was noted to be significantly higher The absence of physiological parameters changes in children treated without MSC is not a proof of the absence of stress. The dose of 0.15 mg per kg is optimal for the comfortable level of MSC. The increase of midazolam-dose over 0.15 mg per kg is not associated with further reduction of stress. The obtained data is true for both age categories.Sedation is a controllable level of medication depression of consciousness during which protective reflexes, adequate breathing, and responsiveness to physical stimuli and verbal commands are retained A number of physical and psychological factors affect the psyche of patients in the intensive care unit. TDO inhibitor Central nervous system (CNS) is a primary target of action of anesthetics and analgesics, and the bi-spectral index reflects the level of sedation of CNS, regardless of what drug caused sedation. The aim of this study was to use volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in children for sedation in the intensive care unit. Constant use of the inhalation route of administration helps to maintain the desired level of sedation depth for the required period of time in patients who are on long-term sedation and is practical for correction.Diagnosis of amino acid metabolism disorders according to the clinics without laboratory diagnosis is almost impossible in infants with a history of neonatal and/or premorbid background and multi-organ failure. Mortality due to hereditary tyrosinemia type I is greater than 90%.Sepsis in neonates still remains difficult issue for clinicians. This review observes literature data about early laboratory diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The paper considers the latest information about well-known methods of sepsis diagnosis in neonates such as complete blood count, acute phase reactants, cytokine markers, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as statistical value based on different meta-analysis and large multicenter investigations in many countries. We notified the newest methods in sepsis diagnosis such as plasma amyloid A, DAMP molecules, cell surface markers CD64, CD11b, and inter-a inhibitor proteins. The review informs about analysis of genomic and proteomic profile, nucleic acids tools. This data considering for early and late neonatal sepsis and their statistical values sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value.
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