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Cecal volvulus in an grown-up male: A rare reason behind intestinal obstructions: A case record.
Novel drugs delivery systems (NDDS), formulations from plant actives and extracts are still a matter of thrust and hot cake among the researchers working with phytomedicine. Novel delivery systems such as polymeric liposomes, colloidisomes, aquasomes, ethosomes, niosomes, proliposomes, phytosomes, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanoemulsions, microsphere and transferosomes have been proven to be a better carrier for delivery of the phyto-constituents as already done by various eminent scientists. Due to increased bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improved tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, and protection from physical and chemical degradation novel delivery systems are more suitable delivery system in compare to the conventional systems. This articled, highlight the remarkable findings in the recent past by innovators exclusively working on novel drug delivery systems for phyto-constituents.In this study, three types of galactosylated cholesterol (i.e., gal-PEG194-chol, gal-PEG1000-chol and gal-PEG2000-chol) were synthesized with one terminal of polyethylene glycol of various chain lengths conjugated to the galactoside moiety, and the other terminal conjugated to the cholesterol. The galactose-modified liposomes were prepared by thin film-hydration method and doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded to the liposomes by using a ammonium sulfate gradient procedure. The liposomal formulations with galactosylated cholesterol were characterized. Flow cytometry and laser confocal scanning microscopy analyses showed that the galactose-modified liposomes facilitated the intracellular uptake of liposomes into HepG2 via asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the cell proliferation inhibition effect of galactose-modified liposomes was higher than that of the unmodified liposomes. Additionally, the study on frozen section of liver showed that the galactose-modified liposomes enhanced the intracellular uptake of liposomes into hepatocytes. Taken together, these results suggested that liposomes containing such galactosylated cholesterol (i.e., gal-PEG-chol), had a great potential as drug delivery carriers for hepatocyte-selective targeting.In the present study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using leaf extract of Syzygium jambolanum and capping agent has been explored. The synthesized AuNPs have been characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis. The AuNPs show intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 528 nm and were found to be spherical and hexagonal in shape with particle size ranging from 20-30 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology of synthesized AuNPs. The capping ligand has been evaluated using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.With the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology the interest of researchers has expanded to interdisciplinary domain like bio-medical applications. Among such domains, one of the most important areas explored meticulously is the development of promising solutions in diabetes therapeutics. The disease associated with metabolic disorder, is one of the major challenges, due to its ever-increasing number of patients. The adverse effects of the synthetic enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors have invited many scientists to develop promising contender with minimal side-effects. On the other hand, Zinc has strong role in insulin synthesis, storage and secretion and thus its deficiency can be related to diabetes. In this context we have explored natural extract of Red Sandalwood (RSW) as a potent anti-diabetic agent, in conjugation with ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized via soft chemistry routes and duly characterized for their phase formation with the help of X-ray diffraction technique and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. These monodispersed nanoparticles, -20 nm in size, were further conjugated to RSW extract. The conjugation chemistry was studied via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy. Extract loading percentage was found from thermo-gravimetric analysis. 65% of the RSW extract was found conjugated to the ZnO nanoparticles. The anti-diabetic activity was assessed with the help of like α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay with murine pancreatic and small intestinal extracts. It was observed that the conjugated ZnO-RSW nanoparticles showed excellent activity against the crude murine pancreatic glucosidase as compared to the individual ZnO nanoparticles and the RSW extract. The ZnO-RSW conjugate showed 61.93% of inhibition while the bare ZnO nanoparticles and RSW showed 21.48% and 5.90% respectively.Fine combination of natural botanical extracts to evaluate and maximize their medicinal efficacy has been studied for long. However, their limited shelf-life, complicated extraction protocols, and difficult compositional analysis have always been a problem. It is due to this that such materials take time to convert them into a proper pharmaceutical technology or product. Veliparib in vivo In this context, we report on synthesis of self-assembled template of one of the most popular natural product, aloevera. This forms a fine porous membrane like structure, in which a natural drug, curcumin has been immobilized/trapped. The so-made curcumin-loaded-aloevera (CLA) structures have been carefully evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. While FTIR shows that there is no chemical interaction between aloevera and curcumin, the pores are finely occupied by curcumin molecules. Fine microscopy structures reveal their distribution and fluorescence microscopy confirm the presence of curcumin within the pores. TGA shows 15% loading of the curcumin in the template and UV-visible spectroscopy data shows independent peaks of both, aloevera (196 nm and 256 nm) and curcumin (423 nm), respectively. When subjected to antioxidant studies, using DPPH assays, CLAs show a synergistically superior DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to only curcumin and only aloevera extract. Same is true for hydroxyl and NO2 radicals. Trans-membrane release study reveals that there is no significant difference in the amount of curcumin release from CLAs till initial 30 min, however, it increases steadily thereafter. CLA is found to facilitate efficient release of curcumin in 5 h, which is higher as compared to the curcumin alone.The purpose of the present paper is to (a) summarize evidence for the nanoparticle nature and biological effects of traditional homeopathically-prepared medicines at low and ultralow doses; (b) provide details of historically-based homeopathic green manufacturing materials and methods, relating them to top-down mechanical attrition and plant-based biosynthetic processes in modern nanotechnology; (c) outline the potential roles of nonlinear dose-responses and dynamical interactions with complex adaptive systems in generating endogenous amplification processes during low dose treatment. Possible mechanisms of low dose effects, for which there is evidence involving nanoparticles and/or homeopathically-manufactured medicines, include hormesis, time-dependent sensitization, and stochastic resonance. All of the proposed mechanisms depend upon endogenous nonlinear amplification processes in the recipient organism in interaction with the salient, albeit weak signal properties of the medicine. Conventional ligand-receractions of homeopathic nanophytomedicines with living systems at the nanoparticle and even individual organism level of detection. Faster progress toward safe and effective personalized nanophytomedicine treatments can result.Polymeric micelles are used as 'smart drug carriers' for targeting certain areas of the body by making them stimuli-sensitive or by attachment of a specific ligand molecule onto their surface. The main aim of using polymeric micelles is to deliver the poorly water soluble drugs. Now-a-days they are used especially in the areas of cancer therapy also. In this article we have reviewed several aspects of polymeric micelles concerning their mechanism of formation, chemical nature, preparation and characterization techniques, and their applications in the areas of drug delivery.The new, national Public Mental Health Network offers health visitors and school nurses an opportunity to gain more of a voice within policy. The Network is hosted by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and works closely with Public Health England and NHS England to improve population mental health and to prevent mental illness.The CPHVA, RCN and other professional bodies have a vital role to fill in shaping development of the Network, including sharing good practice, interprofessional education and innovative public health research. In the past, the public health community has often been slow and uncoordinated in responding to either grassroots needs or government imperatives. In particular, voices advocating for better mental health for children and families have not been heard. Trade Unionists know that solidarity amplifies the voice of individuals. My own interest as a professor is to build on all we know that makes families, schools, neighbourhoods (and groups of practitioners) more resilient--and capable of more and more.The aim of this research study was to explore parents' perceptions of factors influencing dental registrations of children, age birth to four years, living within a SureStart area. The electoral ward identified had the lowest rate of dental registrations for both the birth-two and three-five year age groups in a local healthcare Trust in Northern Ireland. The author chose to adopt a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of parents in relation to dental behaviours. A purposive sample of eight parents currently known to SureStart services and not yet registered with a dentist was identified. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviewees were aged between 20-41 years and the number of children in the family ranged from one to three, with their age range spanning from one month to three years. The study identified inconsistencies in advice across professions, in relation to appropriate age of registration, resulting in children being denied early access to dental services. Childhood dental fears and anxiety have also had a lasting impact on some of the mothers which may influence their dental decision-making.Parent-infant emotional health is probably one of the most complex arenas in which mental health, maternity and health visiting services operate. This critical period can be highly emotionally charged, not only for the infant but also be for the parent. While most parents essentially get it right, severe ruptures in the parent-infant relationship can occur, and can have serious consequences. This paper describes a comprehensive and cost-effective parent infant mental health service based on a psychodynamic model. The service aims to meet the needs of all parents from those with a high level of need through to a universal provision. Strategic and theoretical underpinnings of the service model are described.
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