Notes

Report on Research upon Phlomis along with Eremostachys Species (Lamiaceae) together with Concentrate on Iridoids, Phenylethanoid Glycosides, and Essential Oils.
The presence of both inorganic ions and organic matter in real water matrices (river water, WWTP secondary effluent) did not affect the removal of CAP and MPA. Nonetheless, there was an inefficient and very fast O3 consumption that resulted in only around 30% elimination of BICA, CYC and IFO, even if the reaction time is extended.The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which convert ammonia to nitrate in a single organism, revolutionized the conventional understanding that two types of nitrifying microorganisms have to be involved in the nitrification process for more than 100 years. However, how different types of nitrifiers in response to salinity change remains largely unclear. This study not only investigated nitrifier community (including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), comammox and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira) in the Nanliu estuary to find the ecological relationship between salinity and functional communities and also studied the physiology of a typical comammox Nitrospira inopinata in response to a salinity gradient. Based on sequences retrieved with four sets of functional gene primes, comammox Nitrospira was in general, mainly composed of clade A, with a clear separation of clade A1 subgroup in all samples and clade A2 subgroup in low salinity ones. As expected, group I.1b and group I.1a AOA dominated the AOA community in low- and high-salinity samples, respectively. Nitrosomonas-AOB were detected in all samples while Nitrosospira-AOB were mainly found in relatively high-salinity samples. Regarding general Nitrospira, lineages II and IV were the major groups in most of the samples, while lineage I Nitrospira was only detected in low-salinity samples. Furthermore, the comammox pure culture of N. inopinata showed an optimal salinity at 0.5‰ and ceased to grow at 12.8‰ for ammonia oxidation, but remained active for nitrite oxidation. These results show new evidence regarding niche specificity of different nitrifying microorganisms modulated mainly by salinity, and also a clear response by comammox N. inopinata to a wide range of simulated salinity levels.In the last decade, unprecedented arrivals of pelagic Sargassum (Sargassum influx) have been reported for the Caribbean coasts causing severe ecological and economical affectations and remarking the necessity to characterize the phenomenon. In the north coast of the Mexican Caribbean, spatial characterization of Sargassum influx was performed in terms of its abundance, species composition and chemical content using a combination of in situ sampling and remote sensing evaluations. Sargassum influx was detected within the 25 km fringe near to Quintana Roo coast in coincidence with beach-cast events during September 2018. Significant spatial variation in abundance and species composition of the stranded biomass was found for the six localities studied, which was related to the local environmental conditions. Pelagic species of Sargassum were the main component ranging from 78.1 to 99.6% of the total beach-cast (wrack) fresh biomass, whereas benthic macrophytes (seagrasses and macroalgae) were a minor component reaching up to 21% in some localities. The biochemical composition of beach-cast Sargassum resulted spatially homogeneous for most of the components analyzed; only carbon tissue content, ash metals (particularly Fe and As) and isotopic composition changed spatially. This study represents baseline information for the region. Long-term seasonal evaluations of Sargassum influx along Mexican Caribbean are required to define adequate management strategies and exploitation.Coal has been a major global resource for at least the past 250 years. The major waste product of coal mining is waste rock, which is stored in dumps of various sizes. Although the adverse effects of coal waste rock dumps on ecosystems and human health are widely recognised, there is little information on their internal hydrological and geochemical processes in the peer-reviewed literature. Coal and conventional waste rock dumps share many similarities, but coal waste rock dumps differ in structure, organic matter content, and size, which can affect the timing and rate of aqueous chemical release. In this global systematic review, we identify limited links to climate setting and dump construction, and inconsistent reporting of sampling and monitoring approaches, as limitations to the generalisation of findings. Furthermore, sources of aqueous constituents of interest (COIs) are not routinely or adequately identified, which can lead to incorrect assumptions regarding COI availability and geochemical mobility. Water flow regimes within dumps are dominated by matrix and/or preferential flow, depending on dump texture; these flow mechanisms exert a primary control on patterns of aqueous COI release. The inability to successfully transfer COI release rates from laboratory or field scale trials to operational scale dumps is primarily due to limitations of testing methods and fundamental characteristics of scale. Prediction of future release rates is hampered by a lack of long-term studies that fully characterise geochemistry (e.g., source and COI production rates) as well as dump hydrology (e.g., water balance, water migration). Five critical elements to include in best practice investigations are climate setting, dump physical characteristics, geochemical processes, water regime, and environmental load over time, as aqueous release of COIs from coal waste rock dumps occurs over decades to centuries. Key considerations are identified for each of these elements to guide best practice.Due to the negative impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities, bromide intrusion into algae-impacted freshwater becomes a new challenge for safe drinking water supply worldwide, as bromide and algal organic matter are important disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. However, the influences of this phenomenon on algal precursor dynamic and their derived DBPs have to date received little attention. This study examined the effects of bromide intrusion on algal intra- (IOM) and extra-cellular (EOM) precursors during the growth of two freshwater algae Chlorella sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa. Both algae were well-adapted to Br-intrusion, and no significant effect on their growth and their IOM and EOM precursor characteristics was statistically found (p > 0.05). Notwithstanding, this phenomenon apparently added bromide ions into the algal-EOM solution, which resulted in a linear uptake of bromide by IOM. Under Br-intrusion from 0-4 mg/L (Br0-Br4), 15-60% (on average) of the initial bromide additions remained in the algal EOM. By contrast, only an average of ~1.5-2.4% of the additional bromide was taken up by the IOM, resulting in an elevation of brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs) upon chlorination, especially for those samples collected in the late exponential and declined growth phases. When Br0 shifted to Br4, the %Br-DBP yields from both IOM and EOM increased by more than 75%, with a corresponding increasing the total DBP yield of ~30%. The toxic potencies of all chlorinated Br-containing IOM/EOM were thus magnified, by over one order magnitude greater than the non-Br IOM/EOM at Br0. These results are highly significant for understanding the potential risks of Br-intrusion and algal blooming in raw water quality prior to chlorination.Major river basins of the Himalayas contain a significant amount of arsenic (As) in the geological matrix, which tends to contaminate the groundwater at a local and regional scale. Although As enrichment in Quaternary deposits has been linked to primary provenances (Himalayan orogeny), limited studies have reported As enrichment in bedrock aquifers. In the present study, the hard rock and groundwater samples were collected across the upper Indus river basin (UIRB), Ladakh to assess the hydrogeochemical processes and environments responsible for As mobilization and release. The higher As concentrations were found in Khardung volcanics followed by Ophiolitic melange, Dras volcanics, Nindam sandstone, and Nindam Shale. The variability in As concentration among different rock samples is largely governed by the presence of felsic minerals and the type of magmatic setting. Rucaparib cost The groundwater is less mineralized, with moderate electrical conductivity (EC), and weakly acidic to alkaline in nature. The results indicated that mineral weathering, dissolution, and active cation exchange reactions have a strong influence on the major ion chemistry of the groundwater. Redox-sensitive processes are influencing the As mobilization and release under reducing environmental conditions. As in groundwater poses a serious threat to human health hence awareness is urgent towards achieving sustainable As mitigation globally. The study provided a significant dataset to better understand the processes and environmental conditions responsible for hydrogeochemical evolution, sources of solutes, and As mobilization and release in groundwater which will help in sustainable water resource management policies and ecosystem restoration across the Himalayas.Plastic film mulching has been extensively used for spring maize (Zea mays L.) production in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID). Determining whether transparent plastic film mulching results in premature senescence and yield reduction of spring maize still needs to be verified. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the HID that involved planting spring maize under three mulching practices on a flat plot 1) without mulching (control treatment, CK), 2) with black plastic film mulching (BM), 3) with transparent plastic film mulching (TM). The results indicated that TM and BM were superior to CK in terms of effects on soil hydrothermal conditions. Compared with BM, TM produced significantly higher soil temperature at V6, and had no significant temperature effect at V12, R1, R3, and R6. Both TM and BM promoted early seedling emergence and earlier silking, and TM extended the duration of the reproductive stages by 1-2 days compared with BM, and 4-5 days longer than CK. TM and BM produced greater kernel weights and kernel volumes in the superior and middle portions of the ear than CK. TM produced significantly greater total kernel weights per ear than BM at and after 23 days after silking. TM significantly increased grain-filling rate and length of the active grain-filling period compared with BM and CK. Additionally, TM and BM produced significantly higher photosynthetic parameters than CK at the grain-filling stage in the two study years. The net photosynthesis rate for TM was significantly greater than for BM. TM and BM significantly increased grain yields by 28.1% and 15.1%, respectively, in 2019 over CK, and by 24.6% and 21.1% in 2020. Transparent plastic film mulching could serve as a promising adaptive management practice to increase resource use efficiency and to improve maize productivity in the HID.Electric vehicles (EVs) can substantially decrease atmospheric pollutant emissions, thereby improving air quality, decreasing global warming, and improving human health. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using Web of Science to understand the research developments and future perspectives in EVs between 1974 and 2021. The analysis of indicators such as research trends, publication growth, and keywords revealed that most research in the selected timeframe was focused on applying and optimizing the existing technologies of different types of EVs to decrease air pollution and mortality. The changes in air quality owing to such electrification received special attention, with approximately 441 publications preferably in the English language. Among all the retrieved documents, research articles were most common (n = 295; 66.89% of the global output), dominated by the research domains of environmental sciences, followed by energy fuels and transportation science technology. Journal analysis revealed that Sustainability (n = 19, 4.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rucaparib.html