Notes

High res consistent spectral investigation strategy determined by Brillouin dropping in the to prevent fibers.
BACKGROUND Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a novel entity that was described in 2014 and that is included in the group of benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumors.In recent years, several papers have added new cases with some clinical and histopathological aspects that slightly differ from those described in the original report.The aim of this systematic review is to update all available data on POT published in the literature and to identify those features of the neoplasm that require further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Additional sources were also checked. Publications reporting cases with enough clinicopathological information were included, without any time or language restrictions. Histopathological or radiological studies were considered for qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 publications were included. Seventeen papers were used for quantitative analysis because, while 13 papers were used only for qualitative analysis.A total of 18 cases of POT were identified. Some clinical, radiographic, histopathological and therapeutic features were common in all reported cases, while other aspects of the neoplasm were inconsistent through published cases. This inconsistency was particularly remarkable when dealing with the histopathological features of the neoplasm. DISCUSSION Some issues about POT remain unclear and deserve to be clarified by future reports.The description of the odontogenic epithelium covering the ectomesenchyme is often contradictory, while it remains debatable whether peripheral ameloblastic epithelial islands or hard dental tissue deposition can occasionally occur within the tumor. BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective pilot study is to find answers to the following question In the treatment protocol of open membrane technique defined by Funakoshi, do the histological and biological properties of the tissue that has already covered the graft surface following the removal of the d-PTFE membrane resemble those properties of induced membrane? MATERIAL AND METHODS 4 male, white Vienna rabbits were used for experiments. Cyclosporine A research buy Bicortical and 10mm in diameter four bone defects were created on each calvarial bone. 2 rabbits (8 defects) were accepted as group I and other 2 rabbits (8 defects) were accepted as group II. Bone cement was placed into the all-defect in group I. 8 defects were filled with Bi-Oss graft material and covered with d-PTFE membranes in group II. After 8 weeks, sacrifice of the rabbits was performed. In group I, without damaging the formed membrane around it, the bone cement was removed from the defects and the achieved membrane was sent to the pathology department. In group II, the thin film layer that formed under the d-PTFE membrane was sent for histological evaluations. Inflammation, edema, foreign body reaction, synovial-like epithelium existence, thickness, vascularisation (CD31, VEGF), fibrosis were assessed. RESULTS Inflammation, fibrosis and thickness measurements are significantly different between the groups (P less then 0,05) and for these parameters, the mean of d-PTFE group (Group II) is significantly higher than the mean of the induced-membrane group (Group I). There isn't any significant difference for other parameters. CONCLUSION The morphological characteristics of membranes of the two groups were similar. link2 There was a cell-rich, vascularised tissue with fibrous structures; fibroblasts, myofibroblast, and collagen, orientated parallel to the cement. The nitrogen dynamics in a subsurface infiltration system (SIS) are affected by many factors, including temperature, system design, and feed water quality, which are not easily quantified. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to simulate an SIS. The HYDRUS-1D software package was used to investigate and quantify the factors that affect nitrate transport in an SIS. Three treatments were carried out based on different hydraulic conditions, including continuous wetting (CW), wetting/drying (WD), and a specific hydraulic loading rate (SH). The effects of hydraulic conditions and temperature on nitrate transformation were investigated. The model was calibrated and validated using two-year experimental data. link3 Simulations of cumulative outflow volume and nitrate concentration fitted well with the observations. Among the three SISs, the denitrification rate was greatest under unsaturated conditions at high water temperature. The denitrification rate constant had an exponential relationship with temperature. An empirical formula describing this relationship was developed and validated in the SIS. The results showed that the SH column attained the greatest nitrate removal efficiency, mainly due to its low hydraulic loading and long retention time. Overall, the results showed that HYDRUS-1D adequately simulated nitrate transport through the soil column under different temperature and hydraulic conditions in an SIS. The fate of nitrate was directly controlled by the water temperature and hydraulic conditions. The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoan parasites from Leishmania species. Effectiveness therapies for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most common form, are still needed to be developed since the available drugs such as meglumine antimoniate (MA) present severe adverse reactions. Here, we develop and characterize maltodextrin polymeric colloidal nanocarriers containing MA (PCN-MA) for topical CL treatment. PCN-MA is composed of 5 to 8% maltodextrin, 0.3% NaCl, 1% MA in 21% of water as aqueous-internal phase, containing or no 3% Kolliphor® P-188, and 10% SF1540 dispersed in a silicone-based external phase. It formed a colloidal system dispersed in silicone with high encapsulation efficiency (87% to 92%) and composite spherical-shaped particles with the smooth and regular surface within the nanosized scale, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Ex vivo cutaneous retention studies using pig ears skin on Franz diffusion cells revealed that the MA cutaneous retention is improved when delivered by PCN. Topical PCN-MA evaluation in murine leishmaniasis model showed similar efficacy than the intraperitoneal injection of the reference medicine (Glucantime®) regarding parasite titer reduction and superior healing activity in terms of collagen area deposition. Our results suggest that this sugar-based PCN is a promising agent for topical delivery of meglumine antimoniate. This study aims to create and evaluate a kaempferol (KAE) ophthalmic solution based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanocomplexes. KAE can be highly complexed with PVP K-17PF (17PF) to formulate an aqueous ophthalmic solution named 17PF-KAE. The optimized 17PF-KAE displays high complexing efficiency, an ultra-small size (8.628 ± 0.066 nm), and good aqueous dispersibility. 17PF-KAE did not show any obvious cytotoxicity or in vivo ocular tissue toxicity. Further, 17PF-KAE was observed to facilitate significant improvement in in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability, in vitro cellular uptake, and ex vivo corneal permeation of KAE. Regarding the in vivo ocular absorption test, the KAE levels in the cornea and aqueous humor determined from the 17PF-KAE group were much higher than those in the free KAE solution group in addition to conjunctiva and the iris-ciliary body at certain time points. 17PF-KAE was also observed to promote remarkable improvement in in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, a topical 17PF-KAE solution in mice eyes showed significant improvement in the treatment efficacy of corneal alkali burns over the free KAE solution. The therapeutic mechanism was also associated with inhibiting the production of key mediators of inflammation (CD54, IL-6, and TGF-β1) and angiogenic factors (VEGF). Therefore, these results demonstrate that 17PF-KAE may be a promising new ophthalmic formulation for the prophylaxis and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related ocular diseases. BACKGROUND Re-irradiation (re-RT) for locoregionally recurrent esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer and de novo esophageal/GEJ cancer arising in-field after a course of prior radiation poses significant treatment challenges given the sensitivity of surrounding organs at risk (OARs). Guidelines for treatment of this presentation are not well-established. Pencil-beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy has the ability to decrease radiation dose to OARs relative to photon plans. We present the first published series to date of re-RT with PBS for esophageal/GEJ malignancies and hypothesize that re-RT with proton PBS will be feasible and improve the safety profile of re-RT for this cohort of patients. METHODS Consecutive esophageal/GEJ cancers treated with PBS re-irradiation within a single institution were analyzed. Comparative volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) photon plans were generated. Seventeen patients were included for analysis. RESULTS At a median follow up of 11.6 months, 1-year local control was 75.3% and overall survival was 68.9%. There were 5 (27.8%) grade ≥ 3 late toxicities. When matched for CTV coverage, proton PBS plans delivered significantly lower doses to the spinal cord, lungs, liver, and heart (all p less then 0.05); 5 VMAT plans would have been undeliverable based on physician-specified OAR constraints. CONCLUSIONS Re-irradiation for de novo or recurrent malignancies of the esophagus/GEJ, when delivered with PBS proton therapy, yields high rates of local control with acceptable acute and late toxicities in a high-risk population and decreased radiation dose to OARs relative to comparative photon plans. This is the largest series of proton re-RT for esophageal malignancies and the first exclusively using PBS. BACKGROUND Posterior circulation stroke due to atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), although uncommon is a well described entity. The normally coursed V3 segment of the vertebral artery (VA) is likely to be stretched due to C1-C2 dislocation, and further compromised by the C1-C2 translational mobility. The persistent first intersegmental artery (PFIA), an anomalous variant does not course through the C1 transverse foramen, rather crosses the posterior C1-C2 joints and is unlikely to be affected by the C1-C2 dislocation. Therefore, a patient with AAD and anomalous VA presenting with stroke should be evaluated for other etiologies of VA compromise. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a patient of AAD with PFIA who presented with posterior circulation stroke. Careful radiological evaluation revealed a loose body (LB) adjacent to the medial aspect of the left C1-C2 facet compressing the anomalous VA. Intraoperatively, there was a large LB on the postero-medial border of the joint, compressing the VA. The anomalous VA was mobilized, and the offending element removed followed by fixation of the C1-C2. CONCLUSION One should be aware of such an etiology of arterial compromise in cases of AAD with co-existent anomalous VA. An underlying LB or large osteophytes due to instability may be the offending cause, and needs to be dealt with, as fusion alone may not benefit the patient.
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