Notes

Temporary Microbial Group Variety from the Nicotiana tabacum Rhizosphere Above Years of Steady Monocropping.
The admixture nature observed in a single sample of the nine-spined stickleback demonstrated the possible traces of remote introgression between these two species. Our work reveals the potential that introgression has on providing particular variants at a high-frequency speed while linking blocks of sequence with multiple functional mutations. However, even though our results are of significant interest, an increased number of samples displaying the introgression are required to further ascertain our conclusions.Cigarette product waste contains toxic chemicals, including human carcinogens, which leach into and accumulate in the environment and represent a current environmental problem neglected for too long. This study aimed to select filamentous fungi capable of decreasing tobacco extract toxicity as an alternative to a future bioremediation process. The 38 isolates obtained from Culture collection of microorganisms to biotechnological and environmental importance - CCMIBA (Brazil) were cultivated in yeast extract (10 g.L-1) and dextrose (10 g.L-1) containing cigarette tobacco extract (200 mL.L-1) for seven days at 28 °C on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm. The fungal growth rate was determined to infer fungal tolerance to tobacco extract, and supernatants from cultivated fungi were used to run the toxicity test using Allium cepa assay. The Fusarium sp. strain I.17, isolated from cigarette waste, was the only lineage capable of growing in 20% (v/v) of cigarette tobacco extract, allowed the onions to root, and was selectedar phylogeny of the isolate Fusarium sp. strain I.17. These results suggest that Fusarium sp. strain I.17 can be used as a potential microorganism to toxicity treatment of cigarette wastes, minimizing the environmental impact of direct burning.Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is a known disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri, which affects many species and varieties of Rutaceae. It causes evident damage on the epigeal parts of plant (leaves and branches) and, in particular, on the fruits, causing their fall and/or deterioration, making them unsuitable for sale. EPPO has signaled its presence in many Asian countries and in the Middle East, in South and Central America and in some regions of the African continent, but not yet in Europe. There are several possible ways of introducing this pathogen into the Mediterranean Basin and, among these, there is the trade of plant material for propagation and planting and the flow of tourism between the risk areas and the Mediterranean countries. This research demonstrates how the risk of invasion through ornamental Rutaceae is evident and identifies - in a participatory way through the involvement of stakeholders - some possible tools of phytosanitary protection. The methodological approach, with multi-criteria analysis, recognizes the interest in forms of protection represented by voluntary certification tools, rather than the introduction of new taxation that can finance the protection system.Water scarcity and unreliable weather conditions frequently cause smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe to plant maize (Zea mays L.) varieties outside the optimum planting timeframe. This challenge exacts the necessity to develop sowing management options for decision support. The study's objective was to use a hybrid approach to determine the best planting windows and maize varieties. The combination will guide farmers on planting dates, dry spell probability during critical stages of the crop growth cycle and rainfall cessation. To capture farmer's perception on agroclimatic information, a systematic random sampling of 438 smallholders was carried out. An analysis of climatic data during 1949-2012 was conducted using INSTAT to identify the best planting criterion. The best combination of planting criterion and maize varieties analysis was then achieved by optimizing planting dates and maize varieties in the DSSAT environment. It was found that 56.2% of farmers grew short-season varieties, 40.2% medium-season varieties and 3.6% long-season varieties. It was also established that the number of rain days and maize yield had a strong positive relationship (p = 0.0049). No significant association was found amongst maize yield (p > 0.05), and planting date criteria, Depth (40mm in 4 days), the AREX criterion- Agricultural Research Extension (25 mm rainfall in 7 days) and the MET Criterion-Department of Meteorological Services (40 mm in 15 days). Highest yields were simulated under the combination of medium-season maize variety and the AREX and MET criteria. The range of simulated yields from 0.0 t/ha to 2.8 t/ha formed the basis for the development of an operational decision support tool (cropping calendar) with (RMSE) (0.20). The methodology can be used to select the best suitable maize varieties and a range of planting time.The present study aimed to investigate the ability of a microbial consortium to produce biosurfactant in the presence of two carbon sources and also to evaluate the efficiency of the cell-free supernatant cultures to mobilize As from naturally contaminated soil. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were the main microorganisms in the microbial consortium. The pH, the incubation time, the temperature, and the glucose and glycerol ratios in the culture medium are the main factors influencing biosurfactant production. The lowest surface tension, 30 mN.m-1, and the higher emulsification index, 58%, were achieved at the optimum production conditions (OPC), i.e., pH 9.5, a 2.5 glucose/glycerol ratio, after three days of incubation at 25 °C. The cell-free extracts containing biosurfactants were more efficient in mobilizing As than distilled water, CaCl2 0.1 mol.L-1; saponin, 0.1%; or sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% during a sequential soil-flushing procedure. The As mobilization using the supernatants containing biosurfactant was sensitive to pH. The use of OPC cell-free supernatant under alkaline conditions leads to the best-obtained results 24.6% of As removal (678 mg.kg-1) during sequential extractions. The toxicity reduction of the column eluted solution from the first to the seventh cycle evaluated by the germination index (GI) and morphological structures of Allium cepa in the ecotoxicological assessment confirmed the efficiency of the proposed treatment. Allium cepa seeds and seedlings were sensitive in detecting As in soil and eluted solutions with short time responses to the contaminant. Seeds development increased gradually with arsenic removal. The germination index rose from 0 to 55% after soil decontamination through the proposed soil-flushing procedure.In this work, the adsorption-desorption dynamics of diuron in three typical Kenyan agricultural soils, Nzoia (NZ), Thika (TH) and Machakos (MK) was investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data, tested against three classical nonlinear adsorption isotherms, was best described by the Freundlich model. The Freundlich adsorption constant, (KF), increased in the order MK > TH > NZ soil. Additionally, the negative Gibb's free energy values indicate the adsorption processes were thermodynamically spontaneous and physical. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the adsorption-desorption behavior was controlled by the clay and phosphorus contents of the soil. Phosphorus negatively affected the adsorption of diuron and promoted desorption. The groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) indicated that diuron movement rating in MK soil was 'moderate' while the movement in TH and NZ soils was 'high'.This study investigated the current practice of learning, teaching and assessment in science, particularly in classrooms at primary level in a division of Bangladesh. In addition, this study also focused on the role of DPEd program in the development of the professional preparation of teachers' for improving their quality of science teaching. For the purpose of this study, a mixed method research design which used both quantitative and qualitative method to gather and analyse data. A random stratified sampling process was used to select 150 primary science teachers and 60 students in grade 5 (10 + years) students for collecting quantitative data while a purposeful sampling process was used for qualitative inquiry. Qualitative data was obtained through analysis of the national documents and the interviews of Head teachers of primary schools, Assistant Upazila (Sub-district) Education Officers and Instructors of Primary Training Institutes (PTI) and Upazila Resource Centers. Quantitative data was analysed by us and teaching approach with associated assessment for learning strategies for ensuring the quality of science learning and teaching. For preparing a better quality teacher, ensuring subject based training and to review the current teacher training program is further suggested. The result of this study can be used for future development of science learning and teaching practice at elementary level in Bangladesh and similar other developing countries.Sustainable manufacturing has grown widely owing to recent environmental issues. This study aims to develop a multi-objective multi-pass turning optimization model to determine the optimal cutting parameters, including spindle rotation speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and number of roughing passes. The optimization model considers several criteria in the key metrics of sustainable manufacturing, i.e., energy consumption, carbon emissions, production time, and production cost. A numerical example is provided to show the application of the model, including sensitivity analysis, to study the effects of several cutting parameters on the objective functions. The model can be used by manufacturing industries to improve their manufacturing process efficiency and simultaneously produce products that support sustainable manufacturing.
This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate and compare patient response to a conventional syringe and a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) both immediately and after reflection time, including the impact of anesthesia duration.

Twenty adult patients (10 men and 10 women) with at least two tooth-neck defects each in different quadrants were treated with local buccal infiltration anesthesia. Using split-mouth design, one quadrant was anesthetized using a conventional syringe, the other with CCLAD. The time elapsed between time of injection and time of disappearance of numbness was recorded. Patients were asked to mark on a Visual Analog Scale their visual impression of the device regarding anxiety-inducement, their sensation of mucosal puncture, pain during administration, and pain perception during treatment for the two different methods as well as future preference immediately after treatment and after reflection time.

The level of anxiety-inducement and pai CCLAD for clinicians, too, in order to enhance patients' and clinicians' comfort.The potato is an important food crop worldwide. While potatoes are rich in nutrition, the production suffers from yield loss caused by frost and freezing. This study used a common potato cultivar, 'Zhengshu 6', as the study system to measure the changes in the contents of soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and chlorophyll after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of low temperature treatment. NCT-503 We performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technology and identified 52 differentially expressed protein spots among these timepoints. Results showed that levels of soluble protein, MDA, and proline increased as the duration of the low temperature treatment increased, and the chlorophyll content decreased. The 52 identified protein spots were classified by function as involved in defense response, energy metabolism, photosynthesis, protein degradation, ribosome formation, signal transduction, cell movement, nitrogen metabolism, and other physiological processes, thus allowing potato plants to achieve metabolic balance at low temperatures.
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